Polyubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen by HLTF and SHPRH prevents genomic instability from stalled replication forks

Chronic stalling of DNA replication forks caused by DNA damage can lead to genomic instability. Cells have evolved lesion bypass pathways such as postreplication repair (PRR) to resolve these arrested forks. In yeast, one branch of PRR involves proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) polyubiquitin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2008-08, Vol.105 (34), p.12411-12416
Main Authors: Motegi, Akira, Liaw, Hung-Jiun, Lee, Kyoo-Young, Roest, Henk P, Maas, Alex, Wu, Xiaoli, Moinova, Helen, Markowitz, Sanford D, Ding, Hao, Hoeijmakers, Jan H.J, Myung, Kyungjae
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine Triphosphatases
B lymphocytes
Biological Sciences
Cell lines
Cells
Chromosomes
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA Damage
DNA Helicases - metabolism
DNA Replication
DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism
Genetic mutation
Genomic Instability
Genomics
HEK293 cells
Humans
Irradiation
Mutagenesis
Polyubiquitin - metabolism
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen - metabolism
Rodents
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Structural Homology, Protein
Transcription Factors - metabolism
Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes - metabolism
Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases - metabolism
Ubiquitination
Yeast
Yeasts
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Summary:Chronic stalling of DNA replication forks caused by DNA damage can lead to genomic instability. Cells have evolved lesion bypass pathways such as postreplication repair (PRR) to resolve these arrested forks. In yeast, one branch of PRR involves proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) polyubiquitination mediated by the Rad5-Ubc13-Mms2 complex that allows bypass of DNA lesion by a template-switching mechanism. Previously, we identified human SHPRH as a functional homologue of yeast Rad5 and revealed the existence of RAD5-like pathway in human cells. Here we report the identification of HLTF as a second RAD5 homologue in human cells. HLTF, like SHPRH, shares a unique domain architecture with Rad5 and promotes lysine 63-linked polyubiquitination of PCNA. Similar to yeast Rad5, HLTF is able to interact with UBC13 and PCNA, as well as SHPRH; and the reduction of either SHPRH or HLTF expression enhances spontaneous mutagenesis. Moreover, Hltf-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts show elevated chromosome breaks and fusions after methyl methane sulfonate treatment. Our results suggest that HLTF and SHPRH are functional homologues of yeast Rad5 that cooperatively mediate PCNA polyubiquitination and maintain genomic stability.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0805685105