Lab-on-a-chip based immunosensor principles and technologies for the detection of cardiac biomarkers: a review

• Published in: Lab on a chip 2011-02, Vol.11 (4), p.569-595
• Main Authors: Mohammed, Mazher-Iqbal, Desmulliez, Marc P. Y
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biomarkers - analysis; Biosensing Techniques; Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis; Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism; Humans; Immunoassay; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques
• ISSN: 1473-0197; 1473-0189
• DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00204f

This review examines the current state of the art lab-on-a-chip and microfluidic based biosensor technologies used in the detection of cardiac biomarkers. The determination and quantification of blood based, cardiac biomarkers are crucial in the triage and management of a range of cardiac related conditions, where time delay has a major impact on short and longer-term outcomes of a patient. The design and manufacturing of biomarker detection systems are multi-disciplinary in nature and require researchers to have knowledge of both life sciences and engineering for the full potential of this field to be realised. This review will therefore provide a comprehensive overview of chip based immunosensing technology as applied to cardiac biomarker detection, while discussing the potential suitability and limitations of each configuration for incorporation within a clinical diagnostics device suitable for point-of-care applications. This review examines current commercial and research progress towards the development of lab-on-a-chip based cardiac biomarker detection systems, highlighting novel systems that enhance the portability and detection sensitivities in comparison to existing clinical standards and devices.