Utility of myeloperoxidase stain in the differential diagnosis of leukemia cutis vs. hystiocitoid Sweet syndrome

Leukemia cutis is defined as a skin infiltration by leukemic cells. The diagnosis of myeloid leukemia cutis (MLC) can represent a challenge, especially in those cases without symptoms of systemic disease. The clinical appearance, histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical profile can be indi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Dermatology online journal 2011-04, Vol.17 (4), p.11
Main Authors: Valerón-Almazán, Pedro, Bastida, Jesús, Vilar, Jaime, Santana, Néstor, Medina, Caolina, Carretero, Gregorio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use
Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis
Cytarabine - therapeutic use
Diagnosis, Differential
Humans
Idarubicin - therapeutic use
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - diagnosis
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - drug therapy
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - enzymology
Leukemic Infiltration - diagnosis
Leukemic Infiltration - enzymology
Male
Peroxidase - analysis
Skin - pathology
Skin Neoplasms - diagnosis
Skin Neoplasms - drug therapy
Skin Neoplasms - enzymology
Staining and Labeling - methods
Sweet Syndrome - diagnosis
Sweet Syndrome - enzymology
Treatment Outcome
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Summary:Leukemia cutis is defined as a skin infiltration by leukemic cells. The diagnosis of myeloid leukemia cutis (MLC) can represent a challenge, especially in those cases without symptoms of systemic disease. The clinical appearance, histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical profile can be indistinguishable from those observed in cases of hystiocitoid Sweet syndrome (HSS). We present a case of MLC in which the cutaneous affectation was the first sign of the systemic leukemia. In this setting, the myeloperoxidase stain was the clue to rule out the possibility of HSS. We discuss the role and the utility of the myeloperoxidase stain in the differentiation of these two entities.
ISSN:1087-2108