Beta- and Gamma-Cytoplasmic Actins Are Required for Meiosis in Mouse Oocytes

In mammals, female meiosis consists of two asymmetric cell divisions, which generate a large haploid oocyte and two small polar bodies. Asymmetric partitioning of the cytoplasm results from migration of the meiotic spindle toward the cortex and requires actin filaments. However, the subcellular loca...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biology of reproduction 2011-11, Vol.85 (5), p.1025-1039
Main Authors: BROCKMANN, Céline, HUARTE, Joachim, DUGINA, Vera, CHALLET, Ludivine, REY, Emmanuelle, CONNE, Beatrice, SWETLOFF, Adam, NEF, Serge, CHAPONNIER, Christine, VASSALLI, Jean-Dominique
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Actins - genetics
Actins - immunology
Actins - physiology
Animals
Antibodies - administration & dosage
Antibodies - immunology
Antibodies - pharmacology
Biological and medical sciences
Cell Communication - physiology
Cell Differentiation - physiology
Cell Polarity
Cells, Cultured
Cytoplasm - physiology
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Meiosis - drug effects
Meiosis - physiology
Mice
Mice, Inbred Strains
Mice, Transgenic
Microinjections
Models, Animal
Oocytes - cytology
Oocytes - physiology
Vertebrates: reproduction
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Summary:In mammals, female meiosis consists of two asymmetric cell divisions, which generate a large haploid oocyte and two small polar bodies. Asymmetric partitioning of the cytoplasm results from migration of the meiotic spindle toward the cortex and requires actin filaments. However, the subcellular localization and the role of the existing two cytoplasmic actin (CYA) isoforms, beta and gamma, have not been characterized. We show that beta- and gamma-CYA are differentially distributed in the maturing oocyte from late metaphase I as well as in preimplantation embryos. Gamma-CYA is preferentially enriched in oocyte cortices and is absent from all cell-cell contact areas from metaphase II until the blastocyst stage. Beta-CYA is enriched in contractile structures, at cytokinesis, at cell-cell contacts, and around the forming blastocoel. Alteration of beta- or gamma-CYA function by isoform-specific antibody microinjection suggests that gamma-CYA holds a major and specific role in the establishment and/or maintenance of asymmetry in meiosis I and in the maintenance of overall cortical integrity. In contrast, beta- and gamma-CYA, together, appear to participate in the formation and the cortical anchorage of the second meiotic spindle in waiting for fertilization. Finally, differences in gamma-CYA expression are amongst the earliest markers of cell fate determination in development.
ISSN:0006-3363
1529-7268
DOI:10.1095/biolreprod.111.091736