RNA Polymerase II Elongation Control

Regulation of the elongation phase of transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is utilized extensively to generate the pattern of mRNAs needed to specify cell types and to respond to environmental changes. After Pol II initiates, negative elongation factors cause it to pause in a promoter proxima...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of biochemistry 2012-01, Vol.81 (1), p.119-143
Main Authors: Zhou, Qiang, Li, Tiandao, Price, David H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
7SK snRNP
Animals
Cells
DSIF
Environmental changes
Eukaryota - metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
NELF
P-TEFb
Proteins
RNA polymerase
RNA Polymerase II - chemistry
RNA Polymerase II - metabolism
SEC
Transcription Factors
Transcription, Genetic
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Summary:Regulation of the elongation phase of transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is utilized extensively to generate the pattern of mRNAs needed to specify cell types and to respond to environmental changes. After Pol II initiates, negative elongation factors cause it to pause in a promoter proximal position. These polymerases are poised to respond to the positive transcription elongation factor P-TEFb, and then enter productive elongation only under the appropriate set of signals to generate full-length properly processed mRNAs. Recent global analyses of Pol II and elongation factors, mechanisms that regulate P-TEFb involving the 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), factors that control both the negative and positive elongation properties of Pol II, and the mRNA processing events that are coupled with elongation are discussed.
ISSN:0066-4154
1545-4509
DOI:10.1146/annurev-biochem-052610-095910