Facial swelling and discharging lesions associated with abnormalities of the mandible in kunekune pigs

• Published in: New Zealand veterinary journal 2012-09, Vol.60 (5), p.305-309
• Main Authors: Archer, RM, Weston, JF, Herdan, CL, Owen, MC
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abnormalities; abnormality; abscess; adults; Animals; case studies; cortex; discharging lesion; e-mail; ears; Edema; Face; facial swelling; Female; fistula; foods; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Infections; Jaw Diseases - pathology; Jaw Diseases - veterinary; Kunekune pig; Male; Mandible; Mandible - abnormalities; Mouth Diseases - genetics; Mouth Diseases - pathology; Mouth Diseases - veterinary; mucosa; surveys; Swine; Swine Diseases - genetics; Swine Diseases - pathology; teeth
• ISSN: 1176-0710; 0048-0169; 1176-0710
• DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2011.651701

CASE HISTORIES: Four adult kunekune pigs developed facial swelling at the base of the right ear that ruptured and discharged food material. A further six pigs that had similar clinical signs were reported by members of the New Zealand Kunekune Association who responded to an email survey, one of which was confirmed by post-mortem examination.CLINICAL FINDINGS: Inside the mouth of each pig there was an opening at the junction of the body and ramus of the mandible just lateral to the most caudal visible molar that was impacted with masticated feed. The food packed into the mandible resulted in infection and progressive erosion of the medullary cavity of the bone until it reached the ramus where it eroded through the lateral cortex. The feed material then tracked through the soft tissues to form a subcutaneous abscess, which eventually ruptured resulting in a draining lesion. In Case 2, which had had the lesion for 2 years, the cavity in the mandible was lined with mucosa that had healed to the skin to produce a fistula. In all four pigs there was also a lesion in the left side of the mandible that was not as developed as that on the right side.DIAGNOSIS: The facial swellings were produced by feed material that had impacted into the mandible through an opening immediately caudal to the cheek teeth and then emerged through one or more lesions in the lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although it has not been previously reported, anecdotal reports and our survey suggest that this condition may occur relatively frequently in kunekune pigs. It should be considered as a differential diagnosis for facial swellings and discharging lesions in these animals.