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Iterative Evolution of Increased Behavioral Variation Characterizes the Transition to Sociality in Spiders and Proves Advantageous
The evolution of group living is regarded as a major evolutionary transition and is commonly met with correlated shifts in ancillary characters. We tested for associations between social tendency and a myriad of abiotic variables (e.g., temperature and precipitation) and behavioral traits (e.g., bol...
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Published in: | The American naturalist 2012-10, Vol.180 (4), p.496-510 |
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description | The evolution of group living is regarded as a major evolutionary transition and is commonly met with correlated shifts in ancillary characters. We tested for associations between social tendency and a myriad of abiotic variables (e.g., temperature and precipitation) and behavioral traits (e.g., boldness, activity level, and aggression) in a clade of spiders that exhibit highly variable social structures (genusAnelosimus). We found that, relative to their subsocial relatives, social species tended to exhibit reduced aggressiveness toward prey, increased fearfulness toward predators, and reduced activity levels, and they tended to occur in warm, wet habitats with low average wind velocities. Within-species variation in aggressiveness and boldness was also positively associated with sociality. We then assessed the functional consequences of within-species trait variation on reconstituted colonies of four test species (Anelosimus eximius,Anelosimus rupununi,Anelosimus guacamayos, andAnelosimus oritoyacu). We used colonies consisting of known ratios of docile versus aggressive individuals and group foraging success as a measure of colony performance. In all four test species, we found that groups composed of a mixture of docile and aggressive individuals outperformed monotypic groups. Mixed groups were more effective at subduing medium and large prey, and mixed groups collectively gained more mass during shared feeding events. Our results suggest that the iterative evolution of depressed aggressiveness and increased within-species behavioral variation in social spiders is advantageous and could be an adaptation to group living that is analogous to the formation of morphological castes within the social insects. |
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Albert C. Uy ; Judith L. Bronstein</contributor><creatorcontrib>Pruitt, Jonathan N. ; Oufiero, Christopher E. ; Avilés, Leticia ; Riechert, Susan E. ; J. Albert C. Uy ; Judith L. Bronstein</creatorcontrib><description>The evolution of group living is regarded as a major evolutionary transition and is commonly met with correlated shifts in ancillary characters. We tested for associations between social tendency and a myriad of abiotic variables (e.g., temperature and precipitation) and behavioral traits (e.g., boldness, activity level, and aggression) in a clade of spiders that exhibit highly variable social structures (genusAnelosimus). We found that, relative to their subsocial relatives, social species tended to exhibit reduced aggressiveness toward prey, increased fearfulness toward predators, and reduced activity levels, and they tended to occur in warm, wet habitats with low average wind velocities. Within-species variation in aggressiveness and boldness was also positively associated with sociality. We then assessed the functional consequences of within-species trait variation on reconstituted colonies of four test species (Anelosimus eximius,Anelosimus rupununi,Anelosimus guacamayos, andAnelosimus oritoyacu). We used colonies consisting of known ratios of docile versus aggressive individuals and group foraging success as a measure of colony performance. In all four test species, we found that groups composed of a mixture of docile and aggressive individuals outperformed monotypic groups. Mixed groups were more effective at subduing medium and large prey, and mixed groups collectively gained more mass during shared feeding events. Our results suggest that the iterative evolution of depressed aggressiveness and increased within-species behavioral variation in social spiders is advantageous and could be an adaptation to group living that is analogous to the formation of morphological castes within the social insects.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0003-0147</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-5323</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1086/667576</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22976012</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AMNTA4</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press</publisher><subject>Adaptability ; Aggression ; Anelosimus eximius ; Animal and plant ecology ; Animal behavior ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Animals ; Arachnida ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biological Evolution ; Biological taxonomies ; Evolution ; Female ; Female animals ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General aspects ; Habitats ; Human aggression ; Insect colonies ; Invertebrates ; Morphology ; Nonnative species ; Personality traits ; Phenotypic traits ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Social Behavior ; Sociality ; Spiders ; Spiders - classification ; Spiders - physiology</subject><ispartof>The American naturalist, 2012-10, Vol.180 (4), p.496-510</ispartof><rights>2012 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright University of Chicago, acting through its Press Oct 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c460t-eba32ede096463d6a3df69109b5873ee2ff24d81ee530c24715ffa0a004456003</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c460t-eba32ede096463d6a3df69109b5873ee2ff24d81ee530c24715ffa0a004456003</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=26379862$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22976012$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>J. Albert C. Uy</contributor><contributor>Judith L. Bronstein</contributor><creatorcontrib>Pruitt, Jonathan N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oufiero, Christopher E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Avilés, Leticia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riechert, Susan E.</creatorcontrib><title>Iterative Evolution of Increased Behavioral Variation Characterizes the Transition to Sociality in Spiders and Proves Advantageous</title><title>The American naturalist</title><addtitle>Am Nat</addtitle><description>The evolution of group living is regarded as a major evolutionary transition and is commonly met with correlated shifts in ancillary characters. We tested for associations between social tendency and a myriad of abiotic variables (e.g., temperature and precipitation) and behavioral traits (e.g., boldness, activity level, and aggression) in a clade of spiders that exhibit highly variable social structures (genusAnelosimus). We found that, relative to their subsocial relatives, social species tended to exhibit reduced aggressiveness toward prey, increased fearfulness toward predators, and reduced activity levels, and they tended to occur in warm, wet habitats with low average wind velocities. Within-species variation in aggressiveness and boldness was also positively associated with sociality. We then assessed the functional consequences of within-species trait variation on reconstituted colonies of four test species (Anelosimus eximius,Anelosimus rupununi,Anelosimus guacamayos, andAnelosimus oritoyacu). We used colonies consisting of known ratios of docile versus aggressive individuals and group foraging success as a measure of colony performance. In all four test species, we found that groups composed of a mixture of docile and aggressive individuals outperformed monotypic groups. Mixed groups were more effective at subduing medium and large prey, and mixed groups collectively gained more mass during shared feeding events. Our results suggest that the iterative evolution of depressed aggressiveness and increased within-species behavioral variation in social spiders is advantageous and could be an adaptation to group living that is analogous to the formation of morphological castes within the social insects.</description><subject>Adaptability</subject><subject>Aggression</subject><subject>Anelosimus eximius</subject><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal behavior</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Arachnida</subject><subject>Behavior, Animal</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biological Evolution</subject><subject>Biological taxonomies</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Female animals</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Habitats</subject><subject>Human aggression</subject><subject>Insect colonies</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Nonnative species</subject><subject>Personality traits</subject><subject>Phenotypic traits</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Social Behavior</subject><subject>Sociality</subject><subject>Spiders</subject><subject>Spiders - classification</subject><subject>Spiders - physiology</subject><issn>0003-0147</issn><issn>1537-5323</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqN0VtrFDEUAOBBFLtW_QkS8EJfRnObzOSxLlUXCgqtvg5nkzPdLLOTNckM1Ed_udnu2gVB6FMI-c7JuRTFS0bfM9qoD0rVVa0eFTNWibqsBBePixmlVJSUyfqkeBbjOl-11NXT4oRzXSvK-Kz4vUgYILkJycXk-zE5PxDfkcVgAkJESz7iCibnA_TkBwQHd2K-ggAmh7pfGElaIbkOMER395g8ufLGQe_SLXEDudo6iyESGCz5FvyUI87tBEOCG_RjfF486aCP-OJwnhbfP11cz7-Ul18_L-bnl6WRiqYSlyA4WqRaSSWsAmE7pRnVy6qpBSLvOi5twxArQQ2XNau6DihQKmWl8iROi7N93m3wP0eMqd24aLDvYdiV0TLGKy641A-gVOimUVrt6Ot_6NqPYciNZCVpI6gSIqt3e2WCjzFg126D20C4zajdLbDdLzDDV4d043KD9p793VgGbw8AooG-y2M3Lh6dErVu1M692bvRrJyBG78NGOOxuPv_zh7A2q3tjp2uY_Lhfw38AalOyEo</recordid><startdate>20121001</startdate><enddate>20121001</enddate><creator>Pruitt, Jonathan N.</creator><creator>Oufiero, Christopher E.</creator><creator>Avilés, Leticia</creator><creator>Riechert, Susan E.</creator><general>University of Chicago Press</general><general>University of Chicago, acting through its Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7U6</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20121001</creationdate><title>Iterative Evolution of Increased Behavioral Variation Characterizes the Transition to Sociality in Spiders and Proves Advantageous</title><author>Pruitt, Jonathan N. ; Oufiero, Christopher E. ; Avilés, Leticia ; Riechert, Susan E.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c460t-eba32ede096463d6a3df69109b5873ee2ff24d81ee530c24715ffa0a004456003</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Adaptability</topic><topic>Aggression</topic><topic>Anelosimus eximius</topic><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal behavior</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Arachnida</topic><topic>Behavior, Animal</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biological Evolution</topic><topic>Biological taxonomies</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Female animals</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Habitats</topic><topic>Human aggression</topic><topic>Insect colonies</topic><topic>Invertebrates</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Nonnative species</topic><topic>Personality traits</topic><topic>Phenotypic traits</topic><topic>Phylogenetics</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Social Behavior</topic><topic>Sociality</topic><topic>Spiders</topic><topic>Spiders - classification</topic><topic>Spiders - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pruitt, Jonathan N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oufiero, Christopher E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Avilés, Leticia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riechert, Susan E.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><jtitle>The American naturalist</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pruitt, Jonathan N.</au><au>Oufiero, Christopher E.</au><au>Avilés, Leticia</au><au>Riechert, Susan E.</au><au>J. Albert C. Uy</au><au>Judith L. Bronstein</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Iterative Evolution of Increased Behavioral Variation Characterizes the Transition to Sociality in Spiders and Proves Advantageous</atitle><jtitle>The American naturalist</jtitle><addtitle>Am Nat</addtitle><date>2012-10-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>180</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>496</spage><epage>510</epage><pages>496-510</pages><issn>0003-0147</issn><eissn>1537-5323</eissn><coden>AMNTA4</coden><abstract>The evolution of group living is regarded as a major evolutionary transition and is commonly met with correlated shifts in ancillary characters. We tested for associations between social tendency and a myriad of abiotic variables (e.g., temperature and precipitation) and behavioral traits (e.g., boldness, activity level, and aggression) in a clade of spiders that exhibit highly variable social structures (genusAnelosimus). We found that, relative to their subsocial relatives, social species tended to exhibit reduced aggressiveness toward prey, increased fearfulness toward predators, and reduced activity levels, and they tended to occur in warm, wet habitats with low average wind velocities. Within-species variation in aggressiveness and boldness was also positively associated with sociality. We then assessed the functional consequences of within-species trait variation on reconstituted colonies of four test species (Anelosimus eximius,Anelosimus rupununi,Anelosimus guacamayos, andAnelosimus oritoyacu). We used colonies consisting of known ratios of docile versus aggressive individuals and group foraging success as a measure of colony performance. In all four test species, we found that groups composed of a mixture of docile and aggressive individuals outperformed monotypic groups. Mixed groups were more effective at subduing medium and large prey, and mixed groups collectively gained more mass during shared feeding events. Our results suggest that the iterative evolution of depressed aggressiveness and increased within-species behavioral variation in social spiders is advantageous and could be an adaptation to group living that is analogous to the formation of morphological castes within the social insects.</abstract><cop>Chicago, IL</cop><pub>University of Chicago Press</pub><pmid>22976012</pmid><doi>10.1086/667576</doi><tpages>15</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adaptability Aggression Anelosimus eximius Animal and plant ecology Animal behavior Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Arachnida Behavior, Animal Biological and medical sciences Biological Evolution Biological taxonomies Evolution Female Female animals Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Habitats Human aggression Insect colonies Invertebrates Morphology Nonnative species Personality traits Phenotypic traits Phylogenetics Phylogeny Social Behavior Sociality Spiders Spiders - classification Spiders - physiology |
title | Iterative Evolution of Increased Behavioral Variation Characterizes the Transition to Sociality in Spiders and Proves Advantageous |
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