Androgens in the maternal and fetal circulation: association with insulin resistance

• Published in: The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine 2013-03, Vol.26 (5), p.513-519
• Main Authors: Morisset, Anne-Sophie, Dubé, Marie-Christine, Drolet, Renée, Pelletier, Mélissa, Labrie, Fernand, Luu-The, Van, Tremblay, Yves, Robitaille, Julie, John Weisnagel, S., Tchernof, André
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases - genetics; Adult; Androgens - blood; Aromatase - genetics; Dehydroepiandrosterone - blood; Diabetes, Gestational - blood; Dihydrotestosterone - blood; Female; Fetal androgens; Fetal Blood - chemistry; Gestational Age; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Infant, Newborn; insulin resistance; Insulin Resistance - physiology; Male; maternal androgens; Placenta - enzymology; Pregnancy; RNA, Messenger - analysis; steroidogenic placental enzymes; Steroids - biosynthesis; Testosterone - blood
• ISSN: 1476-7058; 1476-4954
• DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2012.735725

Objective: To examine maternal insulin resistance in relationship with maternal and fetal androgen levels as well as with term placenta mRNA and protein abundance of steroidogenic enzymes implicated in androgen dynamics. Methods: The study included 20 women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 27 controls tested using a 120 min., 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of total testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were measured by high-performance gas chromatography and chemical ionization mass spectrometry at 26.1 ± 3.7 weeks of pregnancy. Results: Glycemic response to oral glucose over 120 min. as well as Matsuda insulin sensitivity and HOMA insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indices were significantly associated with maternal testosterone levels (r = 0.31, r = −0.37 and r = 0.35 respectively, p ≤ 0.05 for all). Among male offspring, a positive association between maternal and fetal testosterone levels was observed (r = 0.43, p ≤ 0.05). Testosterone levels were higher in the cord blood of newborns from insulin-resistant mothers compared to newborns from insulin-sensitive mothers (0.48 ± 0.36 nmol/L vs. 0.29 ± 0.18 nmol/L p ≤ 0.05). No difference was observed in mRNA abundance or protein expression of placental steroidogenic enzymes according to the degree of maternal insulin resistance. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a possible association between fetal and maternal androgen concentrations in relationship with insulin resistance.