Hydrogen sulfide is involved in maintaining ion homeostasis via regulating plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter system in the hydrogen peroxide-dependent manner in salt-stress Arabidopsis thaliana root

• Published in: Protoplasma 2014-07, Vol.251 (4), p.899-912
• Main Authors: Li, Jisheng, Jia, Honglei, Wang, Jue, Cao, Qianhua, Wen, Zichao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acid Sensing Ion Channel Blockers - pharmacology; Amiloride - pharmacology; Arabidopsis - drug effects; Arabidopsis - metabolism; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Cell Biology; Cell Membrane - drug effects; Cell Membrane - metabolism; Glycerol - pharmacology; Hydrogen Peroxide - metabolism; Hydrogen Sulfide - metabolism; Life Sciences; NADPH Oxidases - metabolism; Onium Compounds - pharmacology; Original Article; Plant Sciences; Sodium Chloride; Sulfides - pharmacology; Thiourea - analogs & derivatives; Thiourea - pharmacology; Vanadates - pharmacology; Zoology
• ISSN: 0033-183X; 1615-6102
• DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0592-x

Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) function as the signaling molecules in plants responding to salt stresses. The present study presents a signaling network involving H 2 S and H 2 O 2 in salt resistance pathway of the Arabidopsis root. Arabidopsis roots were sensitive to 100 mM NaCl treatment, which displayed a great increase in electrolyte leakage (EL) and Na + /K + ratio under salt stress. The treatment of H 2 S donors sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) enhanced the salt tolerance by maintaining a lower Na + /K + ratio. In addition, the inhibition of root growth under salt stress was removed by H 2 S. Further studies indicated that H 2 O 2 was involved in H 2 S-induced salt tolerance pathway. H 2 S induced the production of the endogenous H 2 O 2 via regulating the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and plasma membrane (PM) NADPH oxidase, with the treatment with dimethylthiourea (DMTU, an ROS scavenger), diphenylene iodonium (DPI, a PM NADPH oxidase inhibitor), or glycerol (G6PDH inhibitor) removing the effect of H 2 S. Treatment with amiloride (an inhibitor of PM Na + /H + antiporter) and vanadate (an inhibitor of PM H + -ATPase) also inhibited the activity of H 2 S on Na + /K + ratio. Through an analysis of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, we found that H 2 S promoted the genes expression and the phosphorylation level of PM H + -ATPase and Na + /H + antiporter protein level. However, when the endogenous H 2 O 2 level was inhibited by DPI or DMTU, the effect of H 2 S on the PM Na + /H + antiporter system was removed. Taken together, H 2 S maintains ion homeostasis in the H 2 O 2 -dependent manner in salt-stress Arabidopsis root.