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Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ketorolac in cats undergoing gonadectomy
AIM: To determine the pharmacokinetics of ketorolac tromethamine (0.5 mg/kg) when administered I/V to cats undergoing gonadectomy. METHODS: Ketorolac was administered to nine female and three male shorthair domestic cats as an I/V bolus of 0.5 mg/kg after intubation, and 20 minutes prior to ovariect...
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| Published in: | New Zealand veterinary journal 2015-05, Vol.63 (3), p.162-166 |
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| container_end_page | 166 |
| container_issue | 3 |
| container_start_page | 162 |
| container_title | New Zealand veterinary journal |
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| creator | Villa, R Ravasio, G Ferraresi, C Zonca, A Carli, S Borghi, L Cagnardi, P |
| description | AIM: To determine the pharmacokinetics of ketorolac tromethamine (0.5 mg/kg) when administered I/V to cats undergoing gonadectomy. METHODS: Ketorolac was administered to nine female and three male shorthair domestic cats as an I/V bolus of 0.5 mg/kg after intubation, and 20 minutes prior to ovariectomy or orchiectomy. Intra-operative cardiorespiratory variables were monitored and blood samples were collected over 24 hours. Concentrations of ketorolac in serum were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography to establish pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS: During surgery, mean end tidal isoflurane concentration was 1.63 (SD 0.24)% and normocapnia and spontaneous ventilation were maintained in all animals. The kinetics of ketorolac was described by a two-compartment model. The distribution and elimination half-lives were 0.09 (SD 0.06) and 4.14 (SD 1.18) hours, respectively. The body clearance was 56.8 (SD 33.1) mL/h/kg. The volume of distribution at steady-state and the mean residence time were 323.9 (SD 115.7) mL/kg and 6.47 (SD 2.86) hours, respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: On the basis of the results, concentrations of ketorolac in serum in cats were above the human effective concentrations for 5–6 hours postoperatively. However, other studies including a control group are advocated to further investigate the ketorolac kinetics and the analgesic efficacy in this species. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1080/00480169.2014.987329 |
| format | article |
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METHODS: Ketorolac was administered to nine female and three male shorthair domestic cats as an I/V bolus of 0.5 mg/kg after intubation, and 20 minutes prior to ovariectomy or orchiectomy. Intra-operative cardiorespiratory variables were monitored and blood samples were collected over 24 hours. Concentrations of ketorolac in serum were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography to establish pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS: During surgery, mean end tidal isoflurane concentration was 1.63 (SD 0.24)% and normocapnia and spontaneous ventilation were maintained in all animals. The kinetics of ketorolac was described by a two-compartment model. The distribution and elimination half-lives were 0.09 (SD 0.06) and 4.14 (SD 1.18) hours, respectively. The body clearance was 56.8 (SD 33.1) mL/h/kg. The volume of distribution at steady-state and the mean residence time were 323.9 (SD 115.7) mL/kg and 6.47 (SD 2.86) hours, respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: On the basis of the results, concentrations of ketorolac in serum in cats were above the human effective concentrations for 5–6 hours postoperatively. However, other studies including a control group are advocated to further investigate the ketorolac kinetics and the analgesic efficacy in this species.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1176-0710</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0048-0169</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1176-0710</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2014.987329</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25523103</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Taylor & Francis</publisher><subject>analgesics ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - blood ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; blood serum ; castration ; cat ; cats ; Cats - blood ; Female ; females ; gonadectomy ; Half-Life ; high performance liquid chromatography ; humans ; Hysterectomy - veterinary ; intravenous injection ; isoflurane ; Ketorolac ; Ketorolac - blood ; Ketorolac - pharmacokinetics ; Male ; males ; NSAID ; Orchiectomy - veterinary ; ovariectomy ; Ovariectomy - veterinary ; pharmacokinetics</subject><ispartof>New Zealand veterinary journal, 2015-05, Vol.63 (3), p.162-166</ispartof><rights>2015 New Zealand Veterinary Association 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c433t-d5a430e06ece56663e26c77ef5c3af9ab9b95ea0298590897e764733b9b7f0d83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c433t-d5a430e06ece56663e26c77ef5c3af9ab9b95ea0298590897e764733b9b7f0d83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25523103$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Villa, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ravasio, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferraresi, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zonca, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carli, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borghi, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cagnardi, P</creatorcontrib><title>Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ketorolac in cats undergoing gonadectomy</title><title>New Zealand veterinary journal</title><addtitle>N Z Vet J</addtitle><description>AIM: To determine the pharmacokinetics of ketorolac tromethamine (0.5 mg/kg) when administered I/V to cats undergoing gonadectomy. METHODS: Ketorolac was administered to nine female and three male shorthair domestic cats as an I/V bolus of 0.5 mg/kg after intubation, and 20 minutes prior to ovariectomy or orchiectomy. Intra-operative cardiorespiratory variables were monitored and blood samples were collected over 24 hours. Concentrations of ketorolac in serum were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography to establish pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS: During surgery, mean end tidal isoflurane concentration was 1.63 (SD 0.24)% and normocapnia and spontaneous ventilation were maintained in all animals. The kinetics of ketorolac was described by a two-compartment model. The distribution and elimination half-lives were 0.09 (SD 0.06) and 4.14 (SD 1.18) hours, respectively. The body clearance was 56.8 (SD 33.1) mL/h/kg. The volume of distribution at steady-state and the mean residence time were 323.9 (SD 115.7) mL/kg and 6.47 (SD 2.86) hours, respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: On the basis of the results, concentrations of ketorolac in serum in cats were above the human effective concentrations for 5–6 hours postoperatively. However, other studies including a control group are advocated to further investigate the ketorolac kinetics and the analgesic efficacy in this species.</description><subject>analgesics</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - blood</subject><subject>Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Area Under Curve</subject><subject>blood serum</subject><subject>castration</subject><subject>cat</subject><subject>cats</subject><subject>Cats - blood</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>females</subject><subject>gonadectomy</subject><subject>Half-Life</subject><subject>high performance liquid chromatography</subject><subject>humans</subject><subject>Hysterectomy - veterinary</subject><subject>intravenous injection</subject><subject>isoflurane</subject><subject>Ketorolac</subject><subject>Ketorolac - blood</subject><subject>Ketorolac - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>males</subject><subject>NSAID</subject><subject>Orchiectomy - veterinary</subject><subject>ovariectomy</subject><subject>Ovariectomy - veterinary</subject><subject>pharmacokinetics</subject><issn>1176-0710</issn><issn>0048-0169</issn><issn>1176-0710</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkE1v1DAQhi1ERT__QQU5ctntOJPY8QmhqrRIlUCCnq1ZZ7wNTexiZ0H773GVFnHjNKPR886MHiHOJawldHAB0HQglVnXIJu16TTW5pU4klKrFWgJr__pD8Vxzj8AsJWo3ojDum1rlIBH4ubrPaWJXHwYAs-Dy1X01RDmRL84xF2uHniOKY7kyrRyNOdqF3pO2ziEbbWNgXp2c5z2p-LA05j57LmeiLtPV98vb1a3X64_X368XbkGcV71LTUIDIodt0op5Fo5rdm3Dskb2piNaZmgNl1roDOatWo0YplrD32HJ-L9svcxxZ87zrOdhux4HClw-ddKpXVnmhp1QZsFdSnmnNjbxzRMlPZWgn1yaF8c2ieHdnFYYm-fL-w2E_d_Qy_SCvBhAYbgY5H3O6axtzPtx5h8ouCGbPE_J94tGzxFS9tUAnffCqAApJS1QvwDghaJpg</recordid><startdate>20150504</startdate><enddate>20150504</enddate><creator>Villa, R</creator><creator>Ravasio, G</creator><creator>Ferraresi, C</creator><creator>Zonca, A</creator><creator>Carli, S</creator><creator>Borghi, L</creator><creator>Cagnardi, P</creator><general>Taylor & Francis</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150504</creationdate><title>Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ketorolac in cats undergoing gonadectomy</title><author>Villa, R ; Ravasio, G ; Ferraresi, C ; Zonca, A ; Carli, S ; Borghi, L ; Cagnardi, P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c433t-d5a430e06ece56663e26c77ef5c3af9ab9b95ea0298590897e764733b9b7f0d83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>analgesics</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - blood</topic><topic>Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Area Under Curve</topic><topic>blood serum</topic><topic>castration</topic><topic>cat</topic><topic>cats</topic><topic>Cats - blood</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>females</topic><topic>gonadectomy</topic><topic>Half-Life</topic><topic>high performance liquid chromatography</topic><topic>humans</topic><topic>Hysterectomy - veterinary</topic><topic>intravenous injection</topic><topic>isoflurane</topic><topic>Ketorolac</topic><topic>Ketorolac - blood</topic><topic>Ketorolac - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>males</topic><topic>NSAID</topic><topic>Orchiectomy - veterinary</topic><topic>ovariectomy</topic><topic>Ovariectomy - veterinary</topic><topic>pharmacokinetics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Villa, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ravasio, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferraresi, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zonca, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carli, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borghi, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cagnardi, P</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>New Zealand veterinary journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Villa, R</au><au>Ravasio, G</au><au>Ferraresi, C</au><au>Zonca, A</au><au>Carli, S</au><au>Borghi, L</au><au>Cagnardi, P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ketorolac in cats undergoing gonadectomy</atitle><jtitle>New Zealand veterinary journal</jtitle><addtitle>N Z Vet J</addtitle><date>2015-05-04</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>63</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>162</spage><epage>166</epage><pages>162-166</pages><issn>1176-0710</issn><issn>0048-0169</issn><eissn>1176-0710</eissn><abstract>AIM: To determine the pharmacokinetics of ketorolac tromethamine (0.5 mg/kg) when administered I/V to cats undergoing gonadectomy. METHODS: Ketorolac was administered to nine female and three male shorthair domestic cats as an I/V bolus of 0.5 mg/kg after intubation, and 20 minutes prior to ovariectomy or orchiectomy. Intra-operative cardiorespiratory variables were monitored and blood samples were collected over 24 hours. Concentrations of ketorolac in serum were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography to establish pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS: During surgery, mean end tidal isoflurane concentration was 1.63 (SD 0.24)% and normocapnia and spontaneous ventilation were maintained in all animals. The kinetics of ketorolac was described by a two-compartment model. The distribution and elimination half-lives were 0.09 (SD 0.06) and 4.14 (SD 1.18) hours, respectively. The body clearance was 56.8 (SD 33.1) mL/h/kg. The volume of distribution at steady-state and the mean residence time were 323.9 (SD 115.7) mL/kg and 6.47 (SD 2.86) hours, respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: On the basis of the results, concentrations of ketorolac in serum in cats were above the human effective concentrations for 5–6 hours postoperatively. However, other studies including a control group are advocated to further investigate the ketorolac kinetics and the analgesic efficacy in this species.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis</pub><pmid>25523103</pmid><doi>10.1080/00480169.2014.987329</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1176-0710 |
| ispartof | New Zealand veterinary journal, 2015-05, Vol.63 (3), p.162-166 |
| issn | 1176-0710 0048-0169 1176-0710 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Taylor and Francis Science and Technology Collection |
| subjects | analgesics Animals Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - blood Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - pharmacokinetics Area Under Curve blood serum castration cat cats Cats - blood Female females gonadectomy Half-Life high performance liquid chromatography humans Hysterectomy - veterinary intravenous injection isoflurane Ketorolac Ketorolac - blood Ketorolac - pharmacokinetics Male males NSAID Orchiectomy - veterinary ovariectomy Ovariectomy - veterinary pharmacokinetics |
| title | Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ketorolac in cats undergoing gonadectomy |
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