Effect of fruit vinegars on liver damage and oxidative stress in high-fat-fed rats

• Published in: Pharmaceutical biology 2016-02, Vol.54 (2), p.260-265
• Main Authors: Bouazza, Asma, Bitam, Arezki, Amiali, Malek, Bounihi, Abdenour, Yargui, Lyece, Koceir, Elhadj Ahmed
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetic Acid - isolation & purification; Acetic Acid - pharmacology; Acetic Acid - therapeutic use; Animals; Antihyperlipidemic effect; antioxidant effect; Antioxidants - isolation & purification; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Antioxidants - therapeutic use; apple; Body Weight - drug effects; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage; Disease Models, Animal; Dyslipidemias - etiology; Dyslipidemias - metabolism; Dyslipidemias - pathology; Dyslipidemias - prevention & control; Fermentation; Fruit - chemistry; Lipid Metabolism - drug effects; Liver - drug effects; Liver - metabolism; Liver - pathology; Male; Organ Size - drug effects; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Polyphenols - analysis; pomegranate; prickly pear; Rats, Wistar
• ISSN: 1388-0209; 1744-5116
• DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1031910

Context: Vinegar has long been used as a condiment and a traditional medicine worldwide. Objective: The current study investigates the antioxidant effect of three types of fruit vinegars (FV) namely pomegranate [Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae)], prickly pear [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae)], and apple [Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae)] vinegars in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. Materials and methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups; HFD (80 cal/d) fed rats were orally dosed with fruit vinegars (7 ml/kg) once daily for 28 weeks. At the end of the experiment, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation products, antioxidant enzymes, and trace elements were assessed in serum. In addition, a liver histopathological study was performed. Results: HFD showed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in lipid profile and TBARS levels when compared with normal control. Daily oral administration of FV normalized various biochemical, metabolic, and histopathological changes. However, pomegranate vinegar exhibited a very significant (p ≤ 0.001) reduction in lipid profile levels (total cholesterol: 165%, triglycerides: 68%, LDL-c: 76%, and atherogenic index: 80%), whereas an increase in antioxidant status (SOD: 7-fold, GPx: 4.81-fold, GRx: 1.66-fold, and TAS: 3.45-fold) when compared with hyperlipidemic control. Histopathological examinations also confirmed the protective effects of pomegranate vinegar against lipid accumulation and the improvement of hepatic lesions. Discussion and conclusion: The fruit vinegars regulate lipid metabolism and decrease liver damage in high-fat fed rats as shown in this study.