Regulation of Selenium Metabolism and Transport

Selenium is regulated in the body to maintain vital selenoproteins and to avoid toxicity. When selenium is limiting, cells utilize it to synthesize the selenoproteins most important to them, creating a selenoprotein hierarchy in the cell. The liver is the central organ for selenium regulation and pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of nutrition 2015-07, Vol.35 (1), p.109-134
Main Authors: Burk, Raymond F, Hill, Kristina E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
apolipoprotein E receptor-2
Biological Availability
Biological Transport
Biomarkers
Diet
Dietary Supplements
Health Status
Homeostasis - physiology
human selenium metabolism
Humans
Kidney Tubules, Proximal - metabolism
LDL-Receptor Related Proteins - physiology
Liver - physiology
Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-2 - physiology
megalin
Nutritional Requirements
Organ Specificity
Selenium - deficiency
Selenium - metabolism
Selenium - pharmacokinetics
Selenocysteine - metabolism
selenocysteine lyase
Selenomethionine - metabolism
selenoprotein hierarchy
selenoprotein P
Selenoprotein P - analysis
Selenoprotein P - blood
Selenoproteins - biosynthesis
Selenoproteins - metabolism
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Summary:Selenium is regulated in the body to maintain vital selenoproteins and to avoid toxicity. When selenium is limiting, cells utilize it to synthesize the selenoproteins most important to them, creating a selenoprotein hierarchy in the cell. The liver is the central organ for selenium regulation and produces excretory selenium forms to regulate whole-body selenium. It responds to selenium deficiency by curtailing excretion and secreting selenoprotein P (Sepp1) into the plasma at the expense of its intracellular selenoproteins. Plasma Sepp1 is distributed to tissues in relation to their expression of the Sepp1 receptor apolipoprotein E receptor-2, creating a tissue selenium hierarchy. N -terminal Sepp1 forms are taken up in the renal proximal tubule by another receptor, megalin. Thus, the regulated whole-body pool of selenium is shifted to needy cells and then to vital selenoproteins in them to supply selenium where it is needed, creating a whole-body selenoprotein hierarchy.
ISSN:0199-9885
1545-4312
DOI:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071714-034250