The onset of lipid peroxidation in rheumatoid arthritis: consequences and monitoring

• Published in: Free radical research 2016-03, Vol.50 (3), p.304-313
• Main Authors: Łuczaj, Wojciech, Gindzienska-Sieskiewicz, Ewa, Jarocka-Karpowicz, Iwona, Andrisic, Luka, Sierakowski, Stanisław, Zarkovic, Neven, Waeg, Georg, Skrzydlewska, Elżbieta
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal; 8-isoprostane; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aldehydes - blood; Antioxidants - analysis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - blood; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - diagnosis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - physiopathology; Biomarkers - blood; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - blood; Female; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Middle Aged; plasma; polyunsaturated fatty acid; reactive aldehydes; urine; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1071-5762; 1029-2470
• DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1112901

Several epidemiological studies propose the association of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to estimate the possible onset of systemic lipid peroxidation in RA patients and its relevance for pathophysiology and monitoring of RA. Seventy-three patients with RA and 73 healthy subjects were included in the study. Lipid peroxidation was estimated by the measurement of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), 4-hydroxyhexenal, malondialdehyde, acrolein, crotonaldehyde, 4-oxononenal, and isoprostanes (8-isoPGF 2α ) levels. Cytosolic phospholipase A 2 (cPLA 2 ), platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and vitamin E levels were also determined. In parallel, the plasma levels of phospholipid arachidonic acid (AA), linoleic acid (LA), and 4-HNE-protein adducts were monitored. Plasma of RA patients had increased vitamin E levels, but decreased GSH-Px activity and phospholipid AA and LA levels when compared to levels of the healthy subjects. The levels of aldehydes were significantly increased in the plasma of the RA patients and even more in urine. Significant increases in HNE-modified protein adducts was observed for the first time in plasma of RA patients, while the activities of PAF-AH and cPLA 2 were decreased. The 8-isoPGF 2α levels were 9-fold higher in plasma and 3-fold higher in urine of RA patients and were related to the severity of disease. The levels of lipid peroxidation products in plasma and in urine suggest the relationship between lipid peroxidation and the development of RA. Additionally, urine 8-isoPGF 2α , plasma 4-HNE and 4-HNE-protein adducts appear to be convenient biomarkers to monitor progression of this autoimmune disease.