Damaging Effect of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 on Chick Embryo Cells in vitro [with Discussion]

The lethal effect of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) on rabbits and chick embryos is enhanced in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In an investigation of the mode of action of TSST-1, its effect - both singly and in combination with LPS - on tissue culture cell lines was...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Reviews of infectious diseases 1989-01, Vol.11, p.S275-S281
Main Authors: Drumm, A, de Azavedo, J C, Arbuthnott, J P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bacterial Toxins
Cell culture techniques
Cell Line
Cell lines
Cell Membrane - ultrastructure
Cell Survival
Cells, Cultured
Chick Embryo
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Embryonic cells
Embryos
Enterotoxins - toxicity
Enzymes
Epithelial cells
HeLa Cells
Humans
Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology
Mediators/Pathogenesis
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Rabbits
Staphylococcus
Superantigens
T lymphocytes
Toxicity
Toxins
Vero Cells
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Summary:The lethal effect of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) on rabbits and chick embryos is enhanced in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In an investigation of the mode of action of TSST-1, its effect - both singly and in combination with LPS - on tissue culture cell lines was examined. Of a variety of cell lines examined for sensitivity to TSST-1 treatment, only primary chick embryo cells were susceptible. At a critical concentration (0.2 μg/mL), TSST-1 alone caused detachment of the cell monolayer. In contrast, LPS per se had no visible effect on the cells at any concentration tested. TSST-1 in combination with LPS caused monolayer detachment at all concentrations of TSST-1 employed; thus detachment was independent of TSST-1 concentration in the presence of LPS. The ability of TSST-1 to disrupt the monolayer was neutralized in the presence of polyclonal rabbit antiserum to TSST-1. In a time course study over 24 hours, the effect of the toxin on the cells was initially visible by light microscopy after 4-7 hours. Clear differences in cellular morphology between TSST-1-treated monolayers and untreated controls were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Treated cells lost their normal spindle-shaped appearance before detachment.
ISSN:0162-0886