Molecular Diagnostics for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Resistance to antimycobacterial drugs is a major barrier to effective treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Molecular diagnostic techniques based on the association between specific gene mutations and phenotypic resistance to certain drugs offer the opportunity to rapidly ascertain whet...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of medicine 2019-01, Vol.70 (1), p.77-90
Main Authors: Dicks, Kristen V, Stout, Jason E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antitubercular Agents - therapeutic use
bacterial
Drug resistance
Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics
early diagnosis
Female
Humans
Infections
Male
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
molecular diagnostic techniques
Mutation
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - drug effects
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - genetics
Needs Assessment
Pathology, Molecular - methods
Prognosis
Public health
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis - drug therapy
Tuberculosis - genetics
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Summary:Resistance to antimycobacterial drugs is a major barrier to effective treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Molecular diagnostic techniques based on the association between specific gene mutations and phenotypic resistance to certain drugs offer the opportunity to rapidly ascertain whether drug resistance is present and to alter treatment before further resistance develops. Current barriers to successful implementation of rapid diagnostics include imperfect knowledge regarding the full spectrum of mutations associated with resistance, limited utilization of molecular diagnostics where they are most needed, and the requirement for specialized laboratory facilities to perform molecular testing. Further understanding of genotypic-phenotypic correlates of resistance and streamlined implementation platforms will be necessary to optimize the public health impact of molecular resistance testing for M. tuberculosis .
ISSN:0066-4219
1545-326X
DOI:10.1146/annurev-med-040717-051502