Biomarkers of Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease

The current unidimensional paradigm of kidney disease detection is incompatible with the complexity and heterogeneity of renal pathology. The diagnosis of kidney disease has largely focused on glomerular filtration, while assessment of kidney tubular health has notably been absent. Following insult,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of physiology 2019-02, Vol.81 (1), p.309-333
Main Authors: Zhang, William R, Parikh, Chirag R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acute kidney injury
Acute Kidney Injury - metabolism
AKI
Animals
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - metabolism
Cellular manufacture
chronic kidney disease
CKD
Disease detection
Heterogeneity
Humans
kidney
Kidney - metabolism
Kidney diseases
Kidneys
Low molecular weights
Proteins
Proteomics
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - metabolism
Urine
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Summary:The current unidimensional paradigm of kidney disease detection is incompatible with the complexity and heterogeneity of renal pathology. The diagnosis of kidney disease has largely focused on glomerular filtration, while assessment of kidney tubular health has notably been absent. Following insult, the kidney tubular cells undergo a cascade of cellular responses that result in the production and accumulation of low-molecular-weight proteins in the urine and systemic circulation. Modern advancements in molecular analysis and proteomics have allowed the identification and quantification of these proteins as biomarkers for assessing and characterizing kidney diseases. In this review, we highlight promising biomarkers of kidney tubular health that have strong underpinnings in the pathophysiology of kidney disease. These biomarkers have been applied to various specific clinical settings from the spectrum of acute to chronic kidney diseases, demonstrating the potential to improve patient care.
ISSN:0066-4278
1545-1585
DOI:10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114605