Oxy-PAHs: occurrence in the environment and potential genotoxic/mutagenic risk assessment for human health

Structurally modified polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as nitrated PAHs (nitro-PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (oxy-PAHs) can be incriminated in the total toxicity of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) fraction in the environment. Compared to nitro-PAHs, oxy-PAHs have been poorly studied. Ox...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Critical reviews in toxicology 2019-04, Vol.49 (4), p.302-328
Main Authors: Clergé, Adeline, Le Goff, Jérémie, Lopez, Claire, Ledauphin, Jérôme, Delépée, Raphaël
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cancer
Carcinogens
DNA Damage
Environment and Society
Environmental chemical
Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data
Environmental Pollutants - analysis
Environmental Pollutants - toxicity
Environmental Sciences
genotoxicity
Humans
Life Sciences
mutagenicity
Mutagens
oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - toxicity
Risk Assessment
systematic review
Toxicology
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Summary:Structurally modified polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as nitrated PAHs (nitro-PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (oxy-PAHs) can be incriminated in the total toxicity of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) fraction in the environment. Compared to nitro-PAHs, oxy-PAHs have been poorly studied. Oxy-PAHs covers compounds with different moieties such as polycyclic aromatic ketones (PAKs) and polycyclic aromatic quinones (PAQs). In this review, we have compiled exhaustively all the data available on the sources, the fate, and the occurrence of oxy-PAHs focusing on the most ubiquitous ones in the environment, ie PAKs and PAQs. Data concerning their genotoxicity, mutagenicity and tumor promotion potential for humans are also provided based on the mode-of-action analysis framework. Mutagenicity results based on the limited number of oxy-PAHs tested, are unequivocal on the concern they represent. Their omission in mutagenic/carcinogenic risk has caused a dramatic underestimation of cancer risk. On the basis of environmental and genotoxicological data, we suggest prioritized 4 major oxy-PAHs molecules in ecotoxicological and toxicological studies, namely 6 H-benzo[cd]pyren-6-one (BPO), 7,12-benz[a]anthracenequinone (BAQ), 5,12-naphthacenequinone (NCQ) and 11 H-benzo[b]fluoren-11-one (B[b]FO). We also propose to develop biomarkers of exposure and/or risk for these compounds, for example by quantification of DNA adducts.
ISSN:1040-8444
1547-6898
DOI:10.1080/10408444.2019.1605333