The influence that different urban development models has on PM 2.5 elemental and bioaccessible profiles

Limited studies have reported on in-vitro analysis of PM but as far as the authors are aware, bioaccessibility of PM in artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) has not been linked to urban development models before. The Brazilian cities Manaus (Amazon) and Curitiba (South region) have different geographica...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2019-10, Vol.9 (1), p.14846
Main Authors: Polezer, Gabriela, Oliveira, Andrea, Potgieter-Vermaak, Sanja, Godoi, Ana F L, de Souza, Rodrigo A F, Yamamoto, Carlos I, Andreoli, Rita V, Medeiros, Adan S, Machado, Cristine M D, Dos Santos, Erickson O, de André, Paulo A, Pauliquevis, Theotonio, Saldiva, Paulo H N, Martin, Scot T, Godoi, Ricardo H M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air Pollutants - analysis
Air Pollution - analysis
Brazil
Cities
Environmental Monitoring
Industrial Development
Inhalation Exposure
Metals, Heavy - analysis
Particulate Matter - analysis
Risk Assessment
Urban Renewal
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Summary:Limited studies have reported on in-vitro analysis of PM but as far as the authors are aware, bioaccessibility of PM in artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) has not been linked to urban development models before. The Brazilian cities Manaus (Amazon) and Curitiba (South region) have different geographical locations, climates, and urban development strategies. Manaus drives its industrialization using the free trade zone policy and Curitiba adopted a services centered economy driven by sustainability. Therefore, these two cities were used to illustrate the influence that these different models have on PM in vitro profile. We compared PM mass concentrations and the average total elemental and bioaccessible profiles for Cu, Cr, Mn, and Pb. The total average elemental concentrations followed Mn > Pb > Cu > Cr in Manaus and Pb > Mn > Cu > Cr in Curitiba. Mn had the lowest solubility while Cu showed the highest bioaccessibility (100%) and was significantly higher in Curitiba than Manaus. Cr and Pb had higher bioaccessibility in Manaus than Curitiba. Despite similar mass concentrations, the public health risk in Manaus was higher than in Curitiba indicating that the free trade zone had a profound effect on the emission levels and sources of airborne PM. These findings illustrate the importance of adopting sustainable air quality strategies in urban planning.
ISSN:2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-51340-4