Estimates of environmental loading from copper alloy materials

Metal release rates were measured from four different copper alloy-based materials used by the aquaculture industry: copper sheet machined into a diamond mesh, copper alloy mesh (CAM), silicon bronze welded wire mesh, and copper sheeting, and compared with conventional nylon aquaculture net treated...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biofouling (Chur, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-03, Vol.36 (3), p.276-291
Main Authors: Earley, Patrick J., Swope, Brandon L., Colvin, Marienne A., Rosen, Gunther, Wang, Pei-Fang, Carilli, Jessica, Rivera-Duarte, Ignacio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alloys
Antifouling coatings
Antifouling substances
Aquaculture
bioavailability
Copper
copper alloy
Copper base alloys
Copper oxides
Diamond machining
Diamonds
Dome-method
Heavy metals
Hulls
In situ leaching
Leachates
Metal concentrations
metals
Naval vessels
Nickel
Silicon bronzes
Toxicity
Toxicity testing
Wire cloth
Zinc
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Summary:Metal release rates were measured from four different copper alloy-based materials used by the aquaculture industry: copper sheet machined into a diamond mesh, copper alloy mesh (CAM), silicon bronze welded wire mesh, and copper sheeting, and compared with conventional nylon aquaculture net treated with a cuprous oxide antifouling (AF) coating. Release rates were measured in situ in San Diego Bay using a Navy-developed Dome enclosure system at nine different time points over one year. As expected, copper was the predominant metal released, followed by zinc and nickel, which were fractional components of the materials tested. Release rates followed a temporal trend similar to those observed with copper AF coatings applied to vessel hulls: an initial spike in copper release was followed by a decline to an asymptotic low. Leachate toxicity was consistent with prior studies and was directly related to the metal concentrations, indicating the alloys tested had no additional toxicity above pure metals.
ISSN:0892-7014
1029-2454
DOI:10.1080/08927014.2020.1756267