Exploratory factor analysis and validity of the virtual reality symptom questionnaire and computer use survey

The widespread use of virtual reality head-mounted-displays (HMDs) calls for a re-examination of the impact of prolonged exposure to fixed visual displays at close ocular proximity. The purpose of this study is to validate the Virtual Reality Symptoms Questionnaire (VRSQ), created to understand symp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ergonomics 2021, Vol.64 (1), p.69-77
Main Authors: del Cid, Daniel A., Larranaga, Daniel, Leitao, Matthew, Mosher, Robert L., Berzenski, Sara R., Gandhi, Vipal, Drew, Stefanie A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abbreviations
Computer applications
Computer use
Consistency
Discomfort
Displays
exploratory factory analysis
Factor analysis
head-mounted-displays
motion sickness
Organic light emitting diodes
Polls & surveys
Questionnaires
Space life sciences
Virtual reality
visual discomfort
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Summary:The widespread use of virtual reality head-mounted-displays (HMDs) calls for a re-examination of the impact of prolonged exposure to fixed visual displays at close ocular proximity. The purpose of this study is to validate the Virtual Reality Symptoms Questionnaire (VRSQ), created to understand symptoms of prolonged HMDs use, and Computer Use Survey (CUS), created to assess general physical and visual discomfort symptoms. Participants (N = 100) recorded their general discomfort symptoms using the CUS, performed an interactive task using a HMD for thirty minutes, and then answered the CUS again along with the VRSQ. VRSQ, analysed using an exploratory factor analysis, indicated a clear two-factor solution, and demonstrated very good internal consistency (α = 0.873). The CUS, also analysed using an exploratory factor analysis, indicated a four-factor solution, and demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.838). Practitioner Summary: A quantitative-experimental study was conducted to explore the factor structure and validate both the Virtual Reality Symptoms Questionnaire (VRSQ), and the Computer Use Survey (CUS). Findings indicate the VRSQ and CUS are precise and accurate survey instruments for evaluating discomfort after VR-HMD use and the latter for computer use. Abbreviations: VRSQ: virtual reality symptom questionnaire; CUS: computer use survey; OLED: organic light-emitting diode; MSQ: pensacola motion symptom questionnaire; SSQ: simulator sickness questionnaire; 3 D: three-dimensional computer generated space; VR: virtual reality; VR-HMD: virtual reality head-mounted-display; HMDs: head-mounted-displays; EFA: exploratory factor analysis
ISSN:0014-0139
1366-5847
DOI:10.1080/00140139.2020.1820083