Inhalational anesthetics

Inhalational anesthetics have been used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia for more than 150 years. All of the currently used inhalational anesthetics are chlorinated and fluorinated derivatives of ether. Dosing is carried out using the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) concept....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Der Anaesthesist 2021-04, Vol.70 (4), p.343
Main Authors: Jedlicka, Jan, Groene, Philipp, Linhart, Julia, Raith, Elisabeth, Mu Stapha, Da Vy, Conzen, Peter
Format: Article
Language:ger
Subjects:
Anesthesia, General
Anesthetics
Anesthetics, Inhalation
Humans
Methyl Ethers
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
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Summary:Inhalational anesthetics have been used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia for more than 150 years. All of the currently used inhalational anesthetics are chlorinated and fluorinated derivatives of ether. Dosing is carried out using the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) concept. The pharmacokinetic properties of the various inhalational anesthetics are governed by the specific distribution coefficients. Mechanisms of action include specific modulations of various receptors of the central nervous system as well as an unspecific interaction with the cell membrane. Organ toxicity of modern inhalational anesthetics is considered to be minimal. The role of inhalational anesthetics in the context of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has been reassessed in recent years. The superiority of inhalational anesthetics over intravenous hypnotics with respect to intraoperative awareness is undisputed. The organ protective mechanism of preconditioning is an exclusive property of inhalational anesthetics among all the currently available hypnotics.
ISSN:1432-055X
DOI:10.1007/s00101-020-00908-1