The Type VII Secretion System of Staphylococcus

The type VII protein secretion system (T7SS) of Staphylococcus aureus is encoded at the ess locus. T7 substrate recognition and protein transport are mediated by EssC, a membrane-bound multidomain ATPase. Four EssC sequence variants have been identified across S. aureus strains, each accompanied by...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of microbiology 2021-10, Vol.75 (1), p.471-494
Main Authors: Bowman, Lisa, Palmer, Tracy
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine triphosphatase
Antagonism
bacterial antagonism
Depolarization
Genes
Genomic islands
Genomics
Immunity
Membranes
Nuclease
protein secretion
Protein transport
Proteins
Staphylococcus
Strains (organisms)
Substrates
T7SS
Toxins
Virulence
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Summary:The type VII protein secretion system (T7SS) of Staphylococcus aureus is encoded at the ess locus. T7 substrate recognition and protein transport are mediated by EssC, a membrane-bound multidomain ATPase. Four EssC sequence variants have been identified across S. aureus strains, each accompanied by a specific suite of substrate proteins. The ess genes are upregulated during persistent infection, and the secretion system contributes to virulence in disease models. It also plays a key role in intraspecies competition, secreting nuclease and membrane-depolarizing toxins that inhibit the growth of strains lacking neutralizing immunity proteins. A genomic survey indicates that the T7SS is widely conserved across staphylococci and is encoded in clusters that contain diverse arrays of toxin and immunity genes. The presence of genomic islands encoding multiple immunity proteins in species such as Staphylococcus warneri that lack the T7SS points to a major role for the secretion system in bacterial antagonism.
ISSN:0066-4227
1545-3251
DOI:10.1146/annurev-micro-012721-123600