The oxidative and neurotoxic potentials of the ambient PM 2.5 extracts: The efficient multi-solvent extraction method

The health effects of ambient air particulate matter with a diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM ) on the central nervous system are well known and the induced oxidative stress has been shown as their main neuropathologic outcome. Ambient air PM sampling methods mostly use air sampler systems that collect PM on...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Science of the total environment 2022-03, Vol.810, p.152291
Main Authors: Khoshkam, Zahra, Habibi-Rezaei, Mehran, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Aftabi, Younes, Seyedrezazadeh, Ensiyeh, Amiri-Sadeghan, Amir, Zarredar, Habib, Roshangar, Leila, Gholampour, Akbar, Moosavi-Movahedi, Ali A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air Pollutants - analysis
Air Pollutants - toxicity
Environmental Monitoring
Humans
Iran
Oxidation-Reduction
Oxidative Stress
Particulate Matter - analysis
Particulate Matter - toxicity
Solvents
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Summary:The health effects of ambient air particulate matter with a diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM ) on the central nervous system are well known and the induced oxidative stress has been shown as their main neuropathologic outcome. Ambient air PM sampling methods mostly use air sampler systems that collect PM on filters, which is followed by a PM extraction approach. Inefficient extraction may lead to compositional bias and unreal interpretation of the results. This study aimed to compare our proposed multi-solvent extraction (MSE) approach for PM extraction with a conventional aqueous extraction (AqE) method using the analysis of oxidative effects and cytotoxicity in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Ambient PM samples were collected from an urban traffic location in Tehran city, the capital of Iran, using a high-volume sampler. The developed MSE method was proved to have superior advantages over the AqE method including an increased extraction efficiency (as much as 96 against 48% for PM and PM , respectively), and decreased artifacts and compositional biases. Ambient PM , besides PM and PM were analyzed for water-soluble ions, metals, and major elements. Dithiothreitol, ascorbic acid, lipid peroxidation, and cell viability assays on SH-SY5Y cells represented the significantly higher oxidative potential for PM compared to PM . The increased cytotoxicity may occur because of the increased oxidative potential of PM and possibly is associated with higher efficiency of the MSE over the AqE method for removal of total redox-active PM components.
ISSN:1879-1026