The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of N-antipyrine-3,4-dichloromaleimide derivatives is due to an immunomodulatory effect on cytokines environment

• Published in: Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology 2023-03, Vol.45 (2), p.224-233
• Main Authors: Fratoni, Eduarda, Theindl, Lais Cristina, da Rosa, Julia Salvan, Nascimento, Marcus Vinicius Pereira dos Santos, Maciel, Tatiana da Rosa Guimarães, de Campos-Buzzi, Fátima, Dalmarco, Eduardo Monguilhott
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - therapeutic use; Antipyrine - pharmacology; Antipyrine - therapeutic use; Cyclic imides; cytokines; Cytokines - pharmacology; Humans; Immunity; immunomodulation; inflammation; Inflammation - drug therapy; Interleukin-13 - pharmacology; Interleukin-13 - therapeutic use; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-6; in vitro; Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology; Macrophages; NF-kappa B; Nitric Oxide; RAW 264.7; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - pharmacology
• ISSN: 0892-3973; 1532-2513
• DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2136572

Inflammation is the immune response to a harmful stimulus, and its purpose is to destroy foreign agents so that the affected site can be repair. When uncontrolled or unresolved, inflammation can lead to significant tissue damage. Many classes of compounds are used today as anti-inflammatory drugs. However, there is an ongoing demand for new, more effective molecules with higher safety margins. In this regard, the anti-inflammatory effect of six synthetic compounds of N-antipyrine-3,4-dichloromaleimide was evaluated. RAW 264.7 cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and the anti-inflammatory activity, by measuring the effect of these molecules on nitric oxide, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 (CCL2), TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-4, and IL-13 levels, as well as under NF-κB activation. Some of the tested compounds showed significant cytotoxicity (CC50