Versatile nanodiamond-based tools for therapeutics and bioimaging

Nanodiamonds (NDs) are a remarkable class of carbon-based nanoparticles in nanomedicine which have recently become a hot topic of research due to their unique features including functionalization versatility, tunable opto-magnetic properties, chemical stability, minimal cytotoxicity, high affinity t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) England), 2023-02, Vol.59 (15), p.239-255
Main Authors: Leung, Hoi Man, Chu, Hoi Ching, Mao, Zheng-Wei, Lo, Pik Kwan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antiinfectives and antibacterials
Biocompatibility
Biomedical engineering
Biomedical materials
Biomolecules
Diamonds
Fluorescent Dyes
Fluorescent indicators
Gene therapy
Magnetic properties
Medical imaging
Nanodiamonds - chemistry
Nanodiamonds - therapeutic use
Nanomedicine - methods
Nanoparticles
Nanostructure
Photochemotherapy
Photodynamic therapy
State-of-the-art reviews
Tissue Engineering
Toxicity
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Summary:Nanodiamonds (NDs) are a remarkable class of carbon-based nanoparticles in nanomedicine which have recently become a hot topic of research due to their unique features including functionalization versatility, tunable opto-magnetic properties, chemical stability, minimal cytotoxicity, high affinity to biomolecules and biocompatibility. These attractive features make NDs versatile tools for a wide range of biologically relevant applications. In this feature article, we discuss the opto-magnetic properties of negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV − ) centres in NDs as fluorescence probes. We further discuss the frequently used chemical methods for surface chemistry modification of NDs which are relevant for biomedical applications. The in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of modified NDs is also highlighted. Subsequently, we give an overview of recent state-of-the-art biomedical applications of NDs as versatile tools for bioimaging and detection, and as targeting nanocarriers for chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, antimicrobial and antiviral therapy, and bone tissue engineering. Finally, we pinpoint the main challenges for NDs in biomedical applications which lie ahead and discuss perspectives on future directions in advancing the field for practical applications and clinical translations. In this feature article, properties of nanodiamonds in photophysics, surface modification and biocompatibility are discussed, followed by their applications in therapy and bioimaging.
ISSN:1359-7345
1364-548X
DOI:10.1039/d2cc06495b