Comparative studies of xanthine oxidase inhibitors viz. allopurinol and febuxostat against induced hyperuricaemia in a poultry model

• Published in: Avian pathology 2024-02, Vol.53 (1), p.80-89
• Main Authors: Kumar, Sanjiv, Gupta, Madhurendu Kumar, Kumar, Sanjit, Rana, Tanmoy
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Allopurinol; Allopurinol - pharmacology; Animals; Body organs; broiler; Chickens; Comparative analysis; Comparative studies; Diclofenac; Diclofenac - adverse effects; Disease Models, Animal; Electron microscopy; febuxostat; Febuxostat - pharmacology; Gout; Gout - chemically induced; Gout - drug therapy; Gout - veterinary; Gout Suppressants - pharmacology; hyperuricaemia; Hyperuricemia; Hyperuricemia - chemically induced; Hyperuricemia - drug therapy; Hyperuricemia - veterinary; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Oral administration; Pathology; Poultry; Rheumatism; Transmission electron microscopy; Treatment Outcome; Uric acid; visceral gout; Xanthine oxidase; Xanthine Oxidase - pharmacology
• ISSN: 0307-9457; 1465-3338
• DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2276142

In this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the relative efficacy of two important anti-gout agents, viz. allopurinol and febuxostat, in the control of hyperuricaemia/gout using a poultry model. A 21-day study was conducted on 48 Vencobb-400 broiler chicks randomly divided into four groups. In one group hyperuricaemia/gout was induced by the oral administration of diclofenac (group D); in two other groups the ameliorative effect of the two drugs under study was investigated by providing both simultaneously, i.e. diclofenac and allopurinol (group DA), diclofenac and febuxostat (group DF); and the fourth group was kept un-induced and untreated as a control (group C). Both allopurinol and febuxostat inhibit xanthine oxidase enzymes, thereby reducing the production of uric acid. The birds kept on diclofenac alone exhibited the highest level of hyperuricaemia, clinical signs of gout, and overt adverse changes in the visceral organs, whereas these changes were lesser in allopurinol- and febuxostat-treated groups. Furthermore, haematological, biochemical, patho-morphological, and ultra-structural studies using transmission electron microscopy were carried out to evaluate the pathology and, thus, the ameliorative effect of allopurinol and febuxostat. The findings proved that allopurinol and febuxostat carry definite ameliorative potential as anti-hyperuricemic and anti-gout agents in poultry, which was better expressed by febuxostat compared to allopurinol.