COVID-19 vaccines: Immune correlates and clinical outcomes

Severe disease due to COVID-19 has declined dramatically as a result of widespread vaccination and natural immunity in the population. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that largely escape vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody responses, the efficacy of the original vaccines has waned and h...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics 2024-12, Vol.20 (1), p.2324549
Main Authors: Mahrokhian, Shant H., Tostanoski, Lisa H., Vidal, Samuel J., Barouch, Dan H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral
Coronavirus
COVID-19
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines
Humans
immune correlates
mucosal immunity
Review
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 variants
T-cells
Vaccination
vaccines
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Summary:Severe disease due to COVID-19 has declined dramatically as a result of widespread vaccination and natural immunity in the population. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that largely escape vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody responses, the efficacy of the original vaccines has waned and has required vaccine updating and boosting. Nevertheless, hospitalizations and deaths due to COVID-19 have remained low. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of immune responses that contribute to population immunity and the mechanisms how vaccines attenuate COVID-19 disease severity.
ISSN:2164-5515
2164-554X
2164-554X
DOI:10.1080/21645515.2024.2324549