Falling behind whom? Economic geographies of right-wing populism in Europe

Existing studies suggest that right-wing populist parties (RWPPs) appeal to people in communities that have fallen behind in material terms. However, it remains open which benchmark communities apply as they become politically discontented. We argue that the structure of territorial inequalities inf...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of European public policy 2024-06, Vol.31 (6), p.1591-1619
Main Authors: Schraff, Dominik, Pontusson, Jonas
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cues
Economic geography
Election results
Employment
Europe
geography
Inequality
Panel data
Populism
Regions
right-wing populism
Stagnation
Supporters
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Summary:Existing studies suggest that right-wing populist parties (RWPPs) appeal to people in communities that have fallen behind in material terms. However, it remains open which benchmark communities apply as they become politically discontented. We argue that the structure of territorial inequalities influences the benchmarks used by people in regions falling behind. Panel data regressions using subnational election results in EU states from 1990 to 2018 reveal a sharp contrast between the economic geographies of right-wing populism in core and peripheral EU member states. We find a strong association between falling behind the richest region of the country and RWPP support within core EU countries, while in peripheral EU states falling behind the EU core is associated with regional support for RWPPs. This suggests that RWPP voters in peripheral countries cue on how they are faring relative to the EU core, while RWPP supporters in core countries cue on how they are faring relative to dynamic regions of their own country. Our analysis also shows that increased manufacturing employment reinforces the effect of falling behind the richest region in core EU member states, while we find no strong evidence that regional economic stagnation is important to the electoral performance of RWPPs.
ISSN:1350-1763
1466-4429
DOI:10.1080/13501763.2023.2278647