Investigating the potential of monocyclic B 9 N 9 and C 18 rings for the electrochemical sensing, and adsorption of carbazole-based anti-cancer drug derivatives: DFT-based first-principle study

• Published in: Journal of molecular modeling 2024-07, Vol.30 (8), p.245
• Main Authors: Niamat, Yumna, Yaqoob, Junaid, Khan, Muhammad Usman, Hussain, Riaz, Gilani, Mazhar Amjad, Hassan, Abrar Ul, Ahamad, Tansir
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adsorption; Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry; Carbazoles - chemistry; Density Functional Theory; Electrochemical Techniques - methods; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure
• ISSN: 0948-5023
• DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06049-1

For the first time, the use of monocyclic rings C and B N as sensors for the sensing of carbazole-based anti-cancer drugs, such as tetrahydrocarbazole (THC), mukonal (MKN), murrayanine (MRY), and ellipticine (EPT), is described using DFT simulations and computational characterization. The geometries, electronic properties, stability studies, sensitivity, and adsorption capabilities of C and B N counterparts towards the selected compounds confirm that the analytes interact through active cavities of the C and B N rings of the complexes. Based on the interaction energies, the sensitivity of surfaces towards EPT, MKN, MRY, and THC analytes is observed. The interaction energy of EPT@B N , MKN@B N , MRY@B N and THC@B N complexes are observed - 20.40, - 19.49, - 20.07, and - 18.27 kcal/mol respectively which is more exothermic than EPT@C , MKN@C , MRY@C , and THC@C complexes are - 16.37, - 13.97, - 13.96, and - 11.39 kcal/mol respectively. According to findings from the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and the reduced density gradient (RDG), dispersion forces play a significant role in maintaining the stability of these complexes. The electronic properties including FMOs, density of states (DOS), natural bond orbitals (NBO), charge transfer, and absorption studies are carried out. In comparison of B N and C , the analyte recovery time for C is much shorter (9.91 × 10 for THC@C ) than that for B N shorter recovery time value of 3.75 × 10 for EPT@B N . These results suggest that our reported sensors B N and C make it faster to detect adsorbed molecules at room temperature. The sensor response is more prominent in B N due to its fine energy gap and high adsorption energy. Consequently, it is possible to think of these monocyclic systems as a potential material for sensor applications.