Longitudinal 1 H NMR-Based Metabolomics in Saliva Unveils Signatures of Transition from Acute to Post-Acute Phase of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

COVID-19 can range from a mild to severe acute respiratory syndrome and also could result in multisystemic damage. Additionally, many people develop post-acute symptoms associated with immune and metabolic disturbances in response to viral infection, requiring longitudinal and multisystem studies to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2024-11, Vol.16 (11)
Main Authors: Mendes, Luiza Tomé, Gama-Almeida, Marcos C, Reis, Desirée Lopes, Silva, Ana Carolina Pires E, Neris, Rômulo Leão Silva, Galliez, Rafael Mello, Castiñeiras, Terezinha Marta Pereira Pinto, On Behalf Of The Ufrj Covid-Working Group, Ludwig, Christian, Valente, Ana Paula, Costa Dos Santos Junior, Gilson, El-Bacha, Tatiana, Assunção-Miranda, Iranaia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
COVID-19 - metabolism
COVID-19 - virology
Female
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Metabolome
Metabolomics - methods
Middle Aged
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods
Saliva - metabolism
Saliva - virology
SARS-CoV-2
Viral Load
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Summary:COVID-19 can range from a mild to severe acute respiratory syndrome and also could result in multisystemic damage. Additionally, many people develop post-acute symptoms associated with immune and metabolic disturbances in response to viral infection, requiring longitudinal and multisystem studies to understand the complexity of COVID-19 pathophysiology. Here, we conducted a H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance metabolomics in saliva of symptomatic subjects presenting mild and moderate respiratory symptoms to investigate prospective changes in the metabolism induced after acute-phase SARS-CoV-2 infection. Saliva from 119 donors presenting non-COVID and COVID-19 respiratory symptoms were evaluated in the acute phase (T1) and the post-acute phase (T2). We found two clusters of metabolite fluctuation in the COVID-19 group. Cluster 1, metabolites such as glucose, (CH ) choline-related metabolites, 2-hydroxybutyrate, BCAA, and taurine increased in T2 relative to T1, and in cluster 2, acetate, creatine/creatinine, phenylalanine, histidine, and lysine decreased in T2 relative to T1. Metabolic fluctuations in the COVID-19 group were associated with overweight/obesity, vaccination status, higher viral load, and viral clearance of the respiratory tract. Our data unveil metabolic signatures associated with the transition to the post-acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection that may reflect tissue damage, inflammatory process, and activation of tissue repair cascade. Thus, they contribute to describing alterations in host metabolism that may be associated with prolonged symptoms of COVID-19.
ISSN:1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v16111769