Cannabis Use and Trajectories of Depression and Stress Across the Prenatal Period

• Published in: JAMA network open 2024-12, Vol.7 (12), p.e2451597
• Main Authors: Constantino-Pettit, Anna, Tillman, Rebecca, Wilson, Jillian, Lashley-Simms, Nicole, Vatan, Naazanene, Atkinson, Azaria, Leverett, Shelby D, Lenze, Shannon, Smyser, Christopher D, Bogdan, Ryan, Rogers, Cynthia, Agrawal, Arpana
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Cohort Studies; Depression - epidemiology; Depression - psychology; Female; Humans; Marijuana Use - epidemiology; Marijuana Use - psychology; Online Only; Original Investigation; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications - epidemiology; Pregnancy Complications - psychology; Psychiatry; Self Report; Stress, Psychological - epidemiology; Stress, Psychological - psychology; Young Adult
• ISSN: 2574-3805; 2574-3805
• DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.51597

Cannabis use among pregnant individuals has increased. Depression and stress are frequently reported motives for cannabis use that may prolong using cannabis during pregnancy. To examine associations between changes in depression, stress, and self-reported prenatal cannabis use (PCU), to examine motives for PCU, and to examine whether trajectories of depression and stress vary across individuals who report using cannabis to cope with mental health symptoms and/or stress, those who use cannabis for other reasons, and those who do not report PCU. This cohort study recruited pregnant individuals at an obstetric clinic at an academic hospital between July 2019 and January 2024 and followed them during pregnancy. Pregnant individuals with a history of lifetime cannabis use were included. Individuals reporting heavy episodic alcohol use or with other illicit drug use were excluded. Self-reported PCU. The primary outcomes were self-reported depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), stress (Cohen Perceived Stress Scale), and cannabis use at each trimester during pregnancy, as well as motives for cannabis use during the first trimester (T1). Stability and changes in depression and stress scores and categorical self-reported prenatal cannabis use from T1 to the third trimester (T3) were estimated using individual linear growth curve models. In this sample of 504 patients (all identified as women; median [IQR] age, 26 [18-40] years), 236 individuals (46.8%) reported PCU after pregnancy knowledge. Depression, stress, and PCU decreased from T1 to T3 (all slope estimates less than -0.29; SEs, 0.23-0.7; all P