Marine Waste Disposal: A Comprehensive Environmental Approach to Planning

The marine environment of San Francisco Bay was studied in order to determine where and in what quantities the city of San Francisco, California, could dispose of its dry- and wet-weather wastewater flows. The investigation consisted of two phases: the oceanographic phase to define the characteristi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation 1973-01, Vol.45 (1), p.52-70
Main Authors: Norris, Dan P., Birke, Lawrence E., Cockburn, Robert T., Parker, Denny S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bioassay
California
Crabs
Dyes
Ecological design
Floods
Sea water
Sewage
Shorelines
Waste disposal
Wastewater
Wastewater treatment
Water Pollution - prevention & control
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Summary:The marine environment of San Francisco Bay was studied in order to determine where and in what quantities the city of San Francisco, California, could dispose of its dry- and wet-weather wastewater flows. The investigation consisted of two phases: the oceanographic phase to define the characteristics of potential discharge sites and to determine what would happen at these sites, and the ecological phase to determine what might happen to marine organisms that could be exposed to the discharge. Study results showed that disposal of chlorinated discharges would not adversely affect the environment. Disposal was recommended in the Gulf of Farallones in a manner that would not impede the shoreward migration of benthic animals, which were shown to be the most sensitive organisms.
ISSN:0043-1303