Toxicity Assessment of Treated Municipal Wastewaters

Bioassay studies of the toxicity of municipal wastewaters and its removal by conventional and advanced waste treatment processes were conducted with effluents from full-scale and pilot-plant treatment facilities. Primary effluent 96-hr ${\rm TL}_{50}$ values from four communities averaged about 45 p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation 1973-07, Vol.45 (7), p.1558-1572
Main Authors: Esvelt, Larry A., Kaufman, Warren J., Selleck, Robert E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activated sludge
Ammonia
Animals
Bioassay
California
Chemical precipitation
Chlorination
Chlorine
Fishes
Lethal Dose 50
Mortality
Sewage - analysis
Sorption
Toxicology
Wastewater
Wastewater treatment
Water Pollution - analysis
Water Pollution - prevention & control
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Summary:Bioassay studies of the toxicity of municipal wastewaters and its removal by conventional and advanced waste treatment processes were conducted with effluents from full-scale and pilot-plant treatment facilities. Primary effluent 96-hr ${\rm TL}_{50}$ values from four communities averaged about 45 percent. Good correlations were observed between the toxicity and methylene blue active substance and ${\rm NH}_{3}-{\rm H}$ concentrations in primary and treated effluents. Biological treatment with activated sludge at conventional loadings removed most toxicity from primary effluents, and chemical precipitation with lime at pH 11, followed by recarbonation, reduced the toxicity to an average 96-hr ${\rm TL}_{50}$ of 75 percent. Further ion exchange and sorption treatments resulted in even less toxic effluents. Chlorination of all effluents resulted in increased toxicity, and dechlorination with sodium bisulfate resulted in the removal of all chlorine-induced toxicity.
ISSN:0043-1303