Comparative carcinogenic effects of nickel subsulfide, nickel oxide, or nickel sulfate hexahydrate chronic exposures in the lung

The relative toxicity and carcinogenicity of nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4.6H2O), nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2), and nickel oxide (NiO) were studied in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice after inhalation exposure for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 years. Nickel subsulfide (0.15 and 1 mg/m3) and nickel oxide (1...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancer research (Chicago, Ill.) Ill.), 1995-11, Vol.55 (22), p.5251-5256
Main Authors: DUNNICK, J. K, ELWELL, M. R, RADOVSKY, A. E, BENSON, J. M, HAHN, F. F, NIKULA, K. J, BARR, E. B, HOBBS, C. H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Body Burden
Body Weight - drug effects
Carcinogens - toxicity
Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases
Female
Lung Neoplasms - chemically induced
Male
Medical sciences
Metals and various inorganic compounds
Mice
Nickel - pharmacokinetics
Nickel - toxicity
Organ Size - drug effects
Rats
Rats, Inbred F344
Toxicology
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Summary:The relative toxicity and carcinogenicity of nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4.6H2O), nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2), and nickel oxide (NiO) were studied in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice after inhalation exposure for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 years. Nickel subsulfide (0.15 and 1 mg/m3) and nickel oxide (1.25 and 2.5 mg/m3) caused an exposure-related increased incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar neoplasms and adrenal medulla neoplasms in male and female rats. Nickel oxide caused an equivocal exposure-related increase in alveolar/bronchiolar neoplasms in female mice. No exposure-related neoplastic responses occurred in rats or mice exposed to nickel sulfate or in mice exposed to nickel subsulfide. These findings are consistent with results from other studies, which show that nickel subsulfide and nickel oxide reach the nucleus in greater amounts than the do water-soluble nickel compounds such as nickel sulfate. It has been proposed that the more water-insoluble particles are phagocytized, whereas the vacuoles containing nickel migrate to the nuclear membrane, where they release nickel ions that effect DNA damage. The findings from these experimental studies show that chronic exposure to nickel can cause lung neoplasms in rats, and that this response is related to exposure to specific types of nickel compounds.
ISSN:0008-5472
1538-7445