Risk factors for astrocytic glioma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the brain in young children: a report from the Children's Cancer Group

• Published in: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention biomarkers & prevention, 1994-04, Vol.3 (3), p.197
• Main Authors: Bunin, G R, Buckley, J D, Boesel, C P, Rorke, L B, Meadows, A T
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abortion, Spontaneous - epidemiology; Age Factors; Agriculture; Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects; Astrocytoma - epidemiology; Astrocytoma - etiology; Brain Neoplasms - epidemiology; Brain Neoplasms - etiology; Canada - epidemiology; Case-Control Studies; Cesarean Section - adverse effects; Confidence Intervals; Female; Hair Dyes - adverse effects; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kerosene - adverse effects; Logistic Models; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive - epidemiology; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive - etiology; Nitroso Compounds - adverse effects; Odds Ratio; Population Surveillance; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Residence Characteristics; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; United States - epidemiology
• ISSN: 1055-9965; 1538-7755

We conducted a matched case-control study to investigate risk factors for the two most common types of brain tumors in children, astrocytic glioma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Since the study focused on gestational exposures, we restricted it to young children because these exposures would be expected to act early in life. Parents of 155 astrocytic glioma cases, 166 PNET cases, and controls identified by random digit dialing completed telephone interviews. Few associations occurred with the hypothesized risk factors, which were gestational exposure to alcohol, hair coloring products, farms, and substances containing N-nitroso compounds (passive smoking, makeup, incense, new cars, pacifiers, baby bottles, beer). Of the products studied that contain N-nitroso compounds, only beer was associated with a significantly increased risk of either tumor type [odds ratio (OR) for PNET = 4.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-22.1; P = 0.04]. Elevated ORs for PNET were observed for farm residence of the mother during the pregnancy (OR = 3.7; 95% CI, 0.8-23.9; P = 0.06) and of the child for at least a year (OR = 5.0; 95% CI, 1.1-46.8; P = 0.04). Significant associations with astrocytoma were observed for mother's use of kerosene (OR = 8.9; 95% CI, 1.1-71.1; P = 0.04) and birth by Caesarean section (OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.2; P = 0.03). History of miscarriage was associated with a lower risk of PNET (OR = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9; P = 0.02).