MicroRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy or Chemoradiotherapy: A Narrative Literature Review

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and is associated with high mortality rates worldwide. The underlying mechanism of tumorigenesis in CRC is complex, involving genetic, lifestyle-related, and environmental factors. Although radical resection with adjuvant FOLFOX (5-fluor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers 2023-02, Vol.15 (5), p.1358
Main Authors: Yang, I-Ping, Yip, Kwan-Ling, Chang, Yu-Tang, Chen, Yen-Cheng, Huang, Ching-Wen, Tsai, Hsiang-Lin, Yeh, Yung-Sung, Wang, Jaw-Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
5-Fluorouracil
Antagonists
Biomarkers
Biopsy
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Care and treatment
Chemoradiotherapy
Chemoresistance
Chemotherapy
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal carcinoma
Development and progression
DNA methylation
Environmental factors
Feces
Genetic aspects
Health aspects
Kinases
Literature reviews
Malignancy
Management
Medical prognosis
Medical research
Metastases
Metastasis
MicroRNA
MicroRNAs
miRNA
Mortality
Oxaliplatin
Patients
Physiological aspects
Post-transcription
Radiation therapy
Radioresistance
Radiotherapy
Regulatory approval
Review
Survival
Therapeutic targets
Translation
Tumor markers
Tumor suppressor genes
Tumorigenesis
Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Summary:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and is associated with high mortality rates worldwide. The underlying mechanism of tumorigenesis in CRC is complex, involving genetic, lifestyle-related, and environmental factors. Although radical resection with adjuvant FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy have remained mainstays of treatment for patients with stage III CRC and locally advanced rectal cancer, respectively, the oncological outcomes of these treatments are often unsatisfactory. To improve patients' chances of survival, researchers are actively searching for new biomarkers to facilitate the development of more effective treatment strategies for CRC and metastatic CRC (mCRC). MicroRNAs (miRs), small, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs, can post-transcriptionally regulate mRNA translation and trigger mRNA degradation. Recent studies have documented aberrant miR levels in patients with CRC or mCRC, and some miRs are reportedly associated with chemoresistance or radioresistance in CRC. Herein, we present a narrative review of the literature on the roles of oncogenic miRs (oncomiRs) and tumor suppressor miRs (anti-oncomiRs), some of which can be used to predict the responses of patients with CRC to chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Moreover, miRs may serve as potential therapeutic targets because their functions can be manipulated using synthetic antagonists and miR mimics.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers15051358