A PRECEDE‐PROCEED model‐based educational intervention to promote healthy eating habits in middle school girls

• Published in: Food science & nutrition 2023-03, Vol.11 (3), p.1318-1327
• Main Authors: Arshad, Asma, Shaheen, Fouzia, Safdar, Waseem, Tariq, Muhammad R., Navid, Muhammad T., Qazi, Asma S., Awan, Mohammad A., Sajid, Muhammad W., Garti, Humphrey K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Carbohydrates; child nutrition; Children & youth; Diet; Dietary guidelines; Eating; Eating behavior; Education; Families & family life; Family income; Fast food; Food; Food selection; Fruits; growth; Health care; Health problems; Health promotion; Intervention; Knowledge; Malnutrition; Middle schools; Nutrition education; Nutrition research; nutritional awareness; Original; Original Research; Pakistan; Questionnaires; Schools; Socioeconomic factors; Students; Variance analysis
• ISSN: 2048-7177; 2048-7177
• DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3167

The present study was designed to develop Nutrition Education Program (NEP) based on PRECEDE‐PROCEED model (PPM) to address healthy eating behavior among middle school girls aged between 4 and 12 years. For this, middle school girls from grade 1 to 8 (n = 900) were consulted for their eating behaviors, followed by the analysis of their health problems. From 15 different schools of three large cities (Faisalabad, Lahore, and Rawalpindi) of Pakistan, students were divided into two groups: control group (n = 30) and intervention group (n = 30) from each school. The data were collected through interview‐based questionnaires according to the phases of PRECEDE Model and evaluated based on PROCEED model. Implementation of NEP was carried out through lectures. Lessons were prepared to enhance student's awareness about nutritious food and healthy lifestyle through educational pamphlets and influenced their attitude towards selection of food choices from My‐Plate. Results showed that NEP was quite successful for long‐term results. A significant increase in total caloric intake was observed after 8 weeks of NEP intervention (1694 ± 217 Kcal) as compared to before intervention (1329 ± 318 Kcal). Similarly, carbohydrate, protein, and fat content was also increased in daily diet. Conclusively, NEP based on PPM has great impact on healthy lifestyle of middle school girls. Significant difference was observed in score of health variables before and after NEP intervention. The present study was designed to develop Nutrition Education Program (NEP) based on PRECEDE‐PROCEED model (PPM) to address healthy eating behavior among middle school girls aged between 4 and 12 years. NEP based on PPM has great impact on healthy lifestyle of middle school girls. Significant difference was observed in score of health variables before and after NEP intervention.