An investigation of low-protein diets’ qualification rates and an analysis of their short-term effects for patients with CKD stages 3–5: a single-center retrospective cohort study from China

• Published in: International urology and nephrology 2023-04, Vol.55 (4), p.1059-1070
• Main Authors: Zhang, Xian-long, Zhang, Min, Lei, Nuo, Ouyang, Wen-wei, Chen, Hui-fen, Lao, Bei-ni, Xu, Yan-min, Tang, Fang, Fu, Li-zhe, Liu, Xu-sheng, Wu, Yi-fan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Body mass index; Body Weight; China; Cohort analysis; Creatinine; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Dietary intake; Dietary Proteins; Disease Progression; Epidermal growth factor receptors; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney diseases; Low protein diet; Malnutrition; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Nephrology; Nephrology - Original Paper; Nutrient deficiency; Patients; Proteins; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications; Retrospective Studies; Triglycerides; Urology
• ISSN: 1573-2584; 0301-1623; 1573-2584
• DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03390-3

Background The feasibility and efficacy of low-protein diets (LPD) treatment in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is controversial. Based on the characteristics of the Chinese diet, we observe the qualification rates and short-term clinical effects of LPD for CKD patients in our center. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study. CKD stages 3–5 patients who were regularly followed up 5 times (over 2 years) and treated with LPD were included. We collected clinical data to observe the changes in LPD qualification rates and divided patients into LPD and non-LPD group according to the average dietary protein intake (DPI) of 5 follow-up time points and compared the changes in primary and secondary outcome measures between the two groups. Results We analyzed data from 161 eligible CKD stages 3–5 patients. From baseline to the 5th follow-up time point, the LPD qualification rates of all patients were 11.80%, 35.40%, 47.82%, 53.43% and 54.04%, respectively. For primary outcome measures, the urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR) decreased more in the LPD group than in the non-LPD group [Median (interquartile range, IQR) of the difference between the 5th follow-up time point and baseline: 0.19 (− 0.01–0.73) vs. 0.10 (− 0.08–0.27), P