Michelson Interferometer for Global High-Resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) On-Orbit Wind Observations: Data Analysis and Instrument Performance

• Published in: Space science reviews 2023-04, Vol.219 (3), p.27-27, Article 27
• Main Authors: Englert, Christoph R., Harlander, John M., Marr, Kenneth D., Harding, Brian J., Makela, Jonathan J., Fae, Tori, Brown, Charles M., Ratnam, M. Venkat, Rao, S. Vijaya Bhaskara, Immel, Thomas J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aerospace environments; Aerospace Technology and Astronautics; Airglow; Astrophysics and Astroparticles; Brightness; Calibration; Data analysis; Data processing; Fabry-Perot interferometers; Ground-based observation; High resolution; Image resolution; Michelson interferometers; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Planetology; Radar; Space Exploration and Astronautics; Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics; Spatial resolution; Wind; Wind data; Wind observation
• ISSN: 0038-6308; 1572-9672
• DOI: 10.1007/s11214-023-00971-1

The design, principles of operation, calibration, and data analysis approaches of the Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) on the NASA Ionospheric Connection (ICON) satellite have been documented prior to the ICON launch. Here we update and expand on the MIGHTI wind data analysis and discuss the on-orbit instrument performance. In particular, we show typical raw data and we describe key processing steps, including the correction of a “signal-intensity dependent phase shift,” which is necessitated by unexpected detector behavior. We describe a new zero-wind calibration approach that is preferred over the originally planned approach due to its higher precision. Similar to the original approach, the new approach is independent of any a priori data. A detailed update on the wind uncertainties is provided and compared to the mission requirements, showing that MIGHTI has met the ICON mission requirements. While MIGHTI observations are not required to produce absolute airglow brightness profiles, we describe a relative brightness profile product, which is included in the published data. We briefly review the spatial resolution of the MIGHTI wind data in addition to the data coverage and data gaps that occurred during the nominal mission. Finally, we include comparisons of the MIGHTI wind data with ground-based Fabry-Perot interferometer observations and meteor radar observations, updating previous studies with more recent data, again showing good agreement. The data processing steps covered in this work and all the derived wind data correspond to the MIGHTI data release Version 5 (v05).