Zinc Alpha 2 Glycoprotein as an Early Biomarker of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Background and objectives Microalbuminuria is an early sign of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, pathological abnormalities occur before the onset of microalbuminuria. Renal impairment progresses in about 50% of cases in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without significant albuminuria. Diabetes mel...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2023-03, Vol.15 (3), p.e36011-e36011
Main Authors: Sonkar, Satyendra K, Gupta, Akash, Sonkar, Gyanendra K, Usman, Kauser, Bhosale, Vivek, Kumar, Satish, Sharma, Sharad
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomarkers
Blood pressure
Body fat
Cardiovascular disease
Cholesterol
Creatinine
Diabetes
Diabetic nephropathy
Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism
Enzymes
Glycoproteins
Hemoglobin
High density lipoprotein
Internal Medicine
Kidney diseases
Laboratories
Leukocytes
Low density lipoprotein
Mortality
Nephrology
Uric acid
Urine
Variance analysis
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Summary:Background and objectives Microalbuminuria is an early sign of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, pathological abnormalities occur before the onset of microalbuminuria. Renal impairment progresses in about 50% of cases in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without significant albuminuria. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is linked with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and lifestyle changes, where adipokines play an important role. Zinc alpha 2 glycoprotein (ZAGP) is an adipokine, and in this study, it was assessed as a potential biomarker for early DN as well as its progression. Materials and methods This study was a cross-sectional case-control study conducted at a tertiary hospital in northern India. T2DM patients aged 18-65 years old were included in the study and were divided into four groups based on their albuminuria level. This study included 160 participants, with 40 participants in each group. Group I included healthy volunteers, while Groups II, III, and IV were normoalbuminuric, microalbuminuric, and macroalbuminuric diabetic patients, respectively. The groups were evaluated for demographic variables, biochemical parameters, urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), and serum ZAGP. Data between the groups were compared statistically. Results This study included 160 participants, with 40 participants in each group. There was a significant difference between the groups based on the serum ZAGP (p
ISSN:2168-8184
2168-8184
DOI:10.7759/cureus.36011