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Verminotic pneumonia in South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) in Southern Brazil

Verminotic pneumonia caused by Parafilaroides spp. nematodes is an underreported disease in beached South American fur seals, with scant literature available on the characteristics of parafilaroidiasis, the nematode itself, as well as its occurrence in pinnipeds in Brazil. The present work aims to i...

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Published in:Parasitology 2023-02, Vol.150 (2), p.150-156
Main Authors: Daoualibi, Yasmin, Moreira, Renata F., Bandinelli, Marcele B., Echenique, Joanna V. Z., Wagner, Paulo G. C., Soares, João F., Pavarini, Saulo P.
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creator Daoualibi, Yasmin
Moreira, Renata F.
Bandinelli, Marcele B.
Echenique, Joanna V. Z.
Wagner, Paulo G. C.
Soares, João F.
Pavarini, Saulo P.
description Verminotic pneumonia caused by Parafilaroides spp. nematodes is an underreported disease in beached South American fur seals, with scant literature available on the characteristics of parafilaroidiasis, the nematode itself, as well as its occurrence in pinnipeds in Brazil. The present work aims to identify, describe and detail the histological features of the infection and molecular characteristics of verminotic pneumonia in the South American fur seal. Twenty-six specimens of Arctocephalus australis, found dead on the northern coast of Rio Grande do Sul in 2021, were analysed. These animals were identified and submitted to necropsy and histology. For the molecular identification of metastrongylids, lung fragments were subjected to DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction targeting the Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) gene and subsequent sequencing. In total, 12 animals presented with parasites in the lung parenchyma on histological evaluation, and only 1 showed a granulomatous lung lesion at necropsy. Microscopically, the nematodes were found mainly in the alveoli, associated with little or no inflammatory response, and they had morphological characteristics compatible with metastrongylids. Six ITS-2 gene quality sequences were obtained; after comparative analysis via BLAST, they showed similarity with sequences obtained from Parafilaroides sp. Therefore, verminotic pneumonia caused by Parafilaroides represents an important differential diagnosis of lung disease in South American fur seals found on the northern coast of Rio Grande do Sul.
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subjects Alveoli
Animals
Aquatic mammals
Arctocephalus australis
Brazil - epidemiology
Comparative analysis
Differential diagnosis
Edema
Fur Seals - parasitology
Gene sequencing
Helminthiasis
Helminths
Histology
Inflammation
Inflammatory response
Lung diseases
Marine mammals
Necropsy
Nematodes
Parafilaroides
Parasites
Parenchyma
Physical characteristics
Pneumonia
Pneumonia - epidemiology
Pneumonia - veterinary
Polymerase chain reaction
Seals
Trematode Infections
title Verminotic pneumonia in South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) in Southern Brazil
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