Patient Derived Organoids (PDOs), Extracellular Matrix (ECM), Tumor Microenvironment (TME) and Drug Screening: State of the Art and Clinical Implications of Ovarian Cancer Organoids in the Era of Precision Medicine

Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological malignancies due to the high prevalence of advanced stages of diagnosis and the high rate of recurrence. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of OC tumors contributes to the rapid development of resistance to conventional chemotherapy...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers 2023-03, Vol.15 (7), p.2059
Main Authors: Spagnol, Giulia, Sensi, Francesca, De Tommasi, Orazio, Marchetti, Matteo, Bonaldo, Giulio, Xhindoli, Livia, Noventa, Marco, Agostini, Marco, Tozzi, Roberto, Saccardi, Carlo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ascites
Biomarkers
Cancer therapies
Chemotherapy
Diagnosis
Drug screening
Extracellular matrix
Fallopian tubes
Gene expression
Genomes
Immunotherapy
Malignancy
Medical research
Mortality
Mutation
Organoids
Ovarian cancer
Patients
Pleural effusion
Precision medicine
Review
Success
Tumor microenvironment
Tumors
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Summary:Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological malignancies due to the high prevalence of advanced stages of diagnosis and the high rate of recurrence. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of OC tumors contributes to the rapid development of resistance to conventional chemotherapy. In recent years, in order to overcome these problems, targeted therapies have been introduced in various types of tumors, including gynecological cancer. However, the lack of predictive biomarkers showing different clinical benefits limits the effectiveness of these therapies. This requires the development of preclinical models that can replicate the histological and molecular characteristics of OC subtypes. In this scenario, organoids become an important preclinical model for personalized medicine. In fact, patient-derived organoids (PDO) recapture tumor heterogeneity with the possibility of performing drug screening. However, to best reproduce the patient's characteristics, it is necessary to develop a specific extracellular matrix (ECM) and introduce a tumor microenvironment (TME), which both represent an actual object of study to improve drug screening, particularly when used in targeted therapy and immunotherapy to guide therapeutic decisions. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art for the screening of PDOs, ECM, TME, and drugs in the setting of OC, as well as discussing the clinical implications and future perspectives for the research of OC organoids.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers15072059