Gene expression and epigenetic markers of prion diseases

Epigenetics, meaning the variety of mechanisms underpinning gene regulation and chromatin states, plays a key role in normal development as well as in disease initiation and progression. Epigenetic mechanisms like alteration of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, have been p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell and tissue research 2023-04, Vol.392 (1), p.285-294
Main Authors: Viré, Emmanuelle A., Mead, Simon
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biomarkers
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell differentiation
Cell division
Chromatin
Development and progression
Disease
DNA fingerprinting
DNA methylation
DNA Methylation - genetics
Enzymes
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenetic inheritance
Epigenetics
FDA approval
Federal regulation
Gene Expression
Gene regulation
Genes
Genetic engineering
Genomes
Genomics
Histones
Human Genetics
Humans
Mammals - genetics
Medical screening
Methylation
miRNA
Molecular Medicine
Prion diseases
Prion Diseases - genetics
Proteins
Proteomics
Review
Risk factors
Transcription factors
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Summary:Epigenetics, meaning the variety of mechanisms underpinning gene regulation and chromatin states, plays a key role in normal development as well as in disease initiation and progression. Epigenetic mechanisms like alteration of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, have been proposed as biomarkers for diagnosis, classification, or monitoring of responsiveness to treatment in many diseases. In prion diseases, the profound associations with human aging, the effects of cell type and differentiation on in vitro susceptibility, and recently identified human risk factors, all implicate causal epigenetic mechanisms. Here, we review the current state of the art of epigenetics in prion diseases and its interaction with genetic determinants. In particular, we will review recent advances made by several groups in the field profiling DNA methylation and microRNA expression in mammalian prion diseases and the potential for these discoveries to be exploited as biomarkers.
ISSN:0302-766X
1432-0878
DOI:10.1007/s00441-022-03603-2