Field Assessment of Naled and Its Primary Degradation Product (Dichlorvos) in Aquatic Ecosystems Following Aerial Ultra-low Volume Application for Mosquito Control

Naled, an organophosphate insecticide, is applied aerially at ultra-low volumes over aquatic ecosystems near Sacramento, California, USA, during summer months for mosquito control. Two ecosystem types (rice fields and a flowing canal) were sampled in 2020 and 2021. Naled and its primary degradation...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2023-04, Vol.84 (3), p.307-317
Main Authors: Smith, Cassandra D., Hladik, Michelle L., Kuivila, Kathryn M., Waite, Ian R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquatic ecosystems
Aquatic insects
Aquatic organisms
Benchmarks
Biofilms
Crayfish
Crop dusting
Degradation
Dichlorvos
Dilution
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecosystem
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental protection
Insect control
Insecticides
Insecticides - analysis
Macroinvertebrates
Monitoring/Environmental Analysis
Mosquito Control
Mosquitoes
Naled
Organophosphates
Pesticides
Pollution
Rice fields
Soil Science & Conservation
Water
Water analysis
Water sampling
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Summary:Naled, an organophosphate insecticide, is applied aerially at ultra-low volumes over aquatic ecosystems near Sacramento, California, USA, during summer months for mosquito control. Two ecosystem types (rice fields and a flowing canal) were sampled in 2020 and 2021. Naled and its primary degradation product (dichlorvos) were measured in water, biofilm, grazer macroinvertebrates, and omnivore/predator macroinvertebrates (predominantly crayfish). Maximum naled and dichlorvos concentrations detected in water samples one day after naled application were 287.3 and 5647.5 ng/L, respectively, which were above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s aquatic life benchmarks for invertebrates. Neither compound was detected in water more than one day after the application. Dichlorvos, but not naled, was detected in composite crayfish samples up to 10 days after the last aerial application. Detections in water from the canal showed that the compounds were transported downstream of the target application area. Factors such as vector control flight paths, dilution, and transport through air and water likely affected concentrations of naled and dichlorvos in water and organisms from these aquatic ecosystems. Graphical Abstract
ISSN:0090-4341
1432-0703
DOI:10.1007/s00244-023-00981-8