Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Treated with Tofacitinib in the Ulcerative Colitis Program

• Published in: Inflammatory bowel diseases 2023-05, Vol.29 (5), p.744-751
• Main Authors: Loftus, Edward V, Baumgart, Daniel C, Gecse, Krisztina, Kinnucan, Jami A, Connelly, Susan B, Salese, Leonardo, Su, Chinyu, Kwok, Kenneth K, Woolcott, John C, Armuzzi, Alessandro
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Clinical Research; Clostridium Infections - drug therapy; Colitis, Ulcerative - drug therapy; Humans; Janus Kinase Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Pyrimidines - therapeutic use; Treatment Outcome
• ISSN: 1078-0998; 1536-4844
• DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac139

Abstract Background Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are susceptible to Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Here, we evaluate CDI in the tofacitinib UC clinical program. Methods Events from 4 randomized, placebo-controlled studies (phase [P] 2 or P3 induction [NCT00787202; NCT01465763; NCT01458951], P3 maintenance [NCT01458574]) and an open-label, long-term extension (OLE) study (NCT01470612), were analyzed as 3 cohorts: Induction (P2/P3 induction), Maintenance (P3 maintenance), and Overall (patients receiving tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily [BID] in P2, P3, and OLE studies; including final data from the OLE study, as of August 24, 2020). Proportions and incidence rates (unique patients with events per 100 patient-years of exposure) of CDI were evaluated. Results The overall cohort comprised 1157 patients who received ≥1 dose of tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg BID, with a total of 2814.4 patient-years of tofacitinib exposure and up to 7.8 years of treatment. A total of 82.6% of patients received predominantly tofacitinib 10 mg BID. In the induction, maintenance, and overall cohorts, 3 (2 tofacitinib treated, 1 placebo treated), 3 (all placebo treated), and 9 patients had CDI, respectively; the overall cohort incidence rate was 0.31 (95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.59). CDI were all mild–moderate in severity and resolved with treatment in 8 patients. Six of 9 patients continued tofacitinib treatment without interruption. Two patients had events reported as serious due to hospitalization. Two patients were receiving corticosteroids when the CDI occurred. Conclusion CDIs among patients with UC receiving tofacitinib were infrequent, cases were mild–moderate in severity, and most resolved with treatment. Lay Summary The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection in the tofacitinib ulcerative colitis clinical program was evaluated. C. difficile infection among patients with ulcerative colitis receiving tofacitinib were infrequent; cases were mild–moderate in severity, and most resolved with treatment.