Vachellia farnesiana Pods or a Polyphenolic Extract Derived from Them Exert Immunomodulatory, Metabolic, Renoprotective, and Prebiotic Effects in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2023-04, Vol.24 (9), p.7984
• Main Authors: Delgadillo-Puga, Claudia, Sánchez-Castillo, Dulce R, Cariño-Cervantes, Yonatan Y, Torre-Villalvazo, Ivan, Tovar-Palacio, Claudia, Vásquez-Reyes, Sarai, Furuzawa-Carballeda, Janette, Acevedo-Carabantes, Joshua Ayork, Camacho-Corona, María Del Rayo, Guzmán-Mar, Jorge Luis, Cisneros-Zevallos, Luis, Tovar, Armando R, Rebollar-Vega, Rosa, Hernández-Montes, Georgina, Ulloa-Aguirre, Alfredo, Palacios-Gonzalez, Berenice, Noriega, Lilia G
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abnormalities; Animals; Antimicrobial agents; Antioxidants; Body composition; Body fat; Calibration; Chromatography; Chronic illnesses; Diet; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Disease; Dysbacteriosis; Energy; Energy expenditure; Fatty liver; Glucose; Hepatocytes; High fat diet; Immunomodulation; Immunomodulators; In vivo methods and tests; Inflammation; Inflammation - drug therapy; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin secretion; Intestinal microflora; Liver; Male; Metabolism; Metabolites; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbiota; Microorganisms; Mitochondria; Musculoskeletal system; Myotubes; Naringenin; Obesity; Obesity - metabolism; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Polyphenols; Prebiotics; Skeletal muscle; Steatosis; Vachellia farnesiana
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097984

Obesity causes systemic inflammation, hepatic and renal damage, as well as gut microbiota dysbiosis. Alternative vegetable sources rich in polyphenols are known to prevent or delay the progression of metabolic abnormalities during obesity. (VF) is a potent source of polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with potential anti-obesity effects. We performed an in vivo preventive or an interventional experimental study in mice and in vitro experiments with different cell types. In the preventive study, male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a Control diet, a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet containing either 0.1% methyl gallate, 10% powdered VFP, or 0.5%, 1%, or 2% of a polyphenolic extract (PE) derived from VFP ( pods) for 14 weeks. In the intervention study, two groups of mice were fed for 14 weeks with a high-fat diet and then one switched to a high-fat diet with 10% powdered VFP for ten additional weeks. In the in vitro studies, we evaluated the effect of a VFPE ( polyphenolic extract) on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1E cells or of naringenin or methyl gallate on mitochondrial activity in primary hepatocytes and C2C12 myotubes. VFP or a VFPE increased whole-body energy expenditure and mitochondrial activity in skeletal muscle; prevented insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and kidney damage; exerted immunomodulatory effects; and reshaped fecal gut microbiota composition in mice fed a high-fat diet. VFPE decreased insulin secretion in INS-1E cells, and its isolated compounds naringenin and methyl gallate increased mitochondrial activity in primary hepatocytes and C2C12 myotubes. In conclusion VFP or a VFPE prevented systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and hepatic and renal damage in mice fed a high-fat diet associated with increased energy expenditure, improved mitochondrial function, and reduction in insulin secretion.