Challenges and future scope of exosomes in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Exosomes are nanosized vesicles that carry biologically diverse molecules for intercellular communication. Researchers have been trying to engineer exosomes for therapeutic purposes by using different approaches to deliver biologically active molecules to the various target cells efficiently. Recent...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of physiology 2023-11, Vol.601 (22), p.4873-4893
Main Authors: Ranjan, Prabhat, Colin, Karen, Dutta, Roshan Kumar, Verma, Suresh Kumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biodistribution
Biological activity
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism
Cardiovascular Diseases - therapy
Cell Communication
Exosomes
Exosomes - metabolism
Humans
Labeling
Pharmacokinetics
Therapeutic applications
Tissue Distribution
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Summary:Exosomes are nanosized vesicles that carry biologically diverse molecules for intercellular communication. Researchers have been trying to engineer exosomes for therapeutic purposes by using different approaches to deliver biologically active molecules to the various target cells efficiently. Recent technological advances may allow the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of exosomes to be modified to meet scientific needs with respect to specific diseases. However, it is essential to determine an exosome's optimal dosage and potential side effects before its clinical use. Significant breakthroughs have been made in recent decades concerning exosome labelling and imaging techniques. These tools provide in situ monitoring of exosome biodistribution and pharmacokinetics and pinpoint targetability. However, because exosomes are nanometres in size and vary significantly in contents, a deeper understanding is required to ensure accurate monitoring before they can be applied in clinical settings. Different research groups have established different approaches to elucidate the roles of exosomes and visualize their spatial properties. This review covers current and emerging strategies for in vivo and in vitro exosome imaging and tracking for potential studies.
ISSN:0022-3751
1469-7793
1469-7793
DOI:10.1113/JP282053