Nutritional breakfast quality and cardiometabolic risk factors: Health Survey of São Paulo, a population-based study

• Published in: Public health nutrition 2021-09, Vol.24 (13), p.4102-4112
• Main Authors: Félix, Paula Victória, Pereira, Jaqueline Lopes, Leme, Ana Carolina Barco, de Castro, Michelle Alessandra, Fisberg, Regina Mara
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Adults; Age; Blood pressure; Body weight; Brazil - epidemiology; Breakfast; Cholesterol; Cross-Sectional Studies; Design factors; Diet; Dietary intake; Eating behavior; Energy; Evaluation; Females; Food; Food intake; Fruits; Health care; Health risks; Health Surveys; Humans; Hypertension; Legumes; Lifestyles; Low density lipoprotein; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic syndrome; Nutrients; Nutrition; Nutrition research; Nutritional Epidemiology; Nutritive Value; Older people; Overweight; Polls & surveys; Population; Population studies; Population-based studies; Questionnaires; Regression analysis; Regression models; Research Paper; Risk analysis; Risk Factors; Risk reduction; Smoking
• ISSN: 1368-9800; 1475-2727
• DOI: 10.1017/S1368980020002748

To evaluate the association between nutritional quality of breakfast and cardiometabolic risk factors. Cross-sectional study, 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo (2015 ISA-Capital) with Focus on Nutrition Study (2015 ISA-Nutrition). Population-based study, with a representative sample of adults and elderlies living in São Paulo, Brazil. The sample included 606 adults (aged 20-59 years) and 537 elderlies (aged ≥60 years) from the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo. Dietary intake was assessed by at least one 24-h recall. Breakfast quality was evaluated using the proposed Brazilian Breakfast Quality Index (BQI), ranging scores from 0 to 10. BQI associations with sociodemographic, lifestyle, dietetic and cardiometabolic variables were estimated using survey-weighted multiple logistic regression models. Being ≥60 years of age, self-identifying as White or Asian, having a per capita family income with ≥1 minimum wage, being sufficiently active at leisure time and non-smoker were associated with better scores of BQI. A higher BQI score was inversely associated with elevated blood pressure (OR 0·81, 95 % CI 0·70, 0·94), fasting glucose (OR 0·85, 95 % CI 0·73, 0·98), HOMA-IR (OR 0·86, 95 % CI 0·74, 0·98), total cholesterol (OR 0·87, 95 % CI 0·76, 0·99), LDL-C (OR 0·85, 95 % CI 0·74, 0·97), metabolic syndrome (OR 0·82, 95 % CI 0·72, 0·93) and being overweight (OR 0·87, 95 % CI 0·76, 0·99). Breakfast quality of Brazilian adults needs improvement with disparities across some sociodemographic factors. BQI was associated with lower odds of cardiometabolic risk factors, suggesting a beneficial effect in this population and emphasising the role of breakfast in reducing the risk of CVD.