Rate of gestational weight gain trajectory is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes

• Published in: Public health nutrition 2020-12, Vol.23 (18), p.3304-3314
• Main Authors: Yong, Heng Yaw, Mohd Shariff, Zalilah, Appannah, Geeta, Rejali, Zulida, Mohd Yusof, Barakatun Nisak, Bindels, Jacques, Tee, Yvonne Yee Siang, van der Beek, Eline M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Babies; Birth weight; Body weight; Body-Weight Trajectory; Cesarean Section - statistics & numerical data; Female; Gestational age; Gestational Weight Gain; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Infants; Logistic Models; Low birth weight; Malaysia - epidemiology; Maternal & child health; Nutritional Status and Body Composition; Obesity - epidemiology; Overweight; Overweight - epidemiology; Postpartum; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications - epidemiology; Pregnancy Outcome - epidemiology; Premature birth; Premature Birth - epidemiology; Prenatal Care; Regression models; Research Paper; Retrospective Studies; Risk; Risk Factors; Weight Gain; Womens health
• ISSN: 1368-9800; 1475-2727
• DOI: 10.1017/S1368980020002372

To examine the gestational weight gain (GWG) trajectory and its possible association with pregnancy outcomes. GWG trajectories were identified using the latent class growth model. Binary logistic regression was performed to examine the associations between adverse pregnancy outcomes and these trajectories. Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Two thousand one hundred ninety-three pregnant women. Three GWG trajectories were identified: 'Group 1 - slow initial GWG but followed by drastic GWG', 'Group 2 - maintaining rate of GWG at 0·58 kg/week' and 'Group 3 - maintaining rate of GWG at 0·38 kg/week'. Group 1 had higher risk of postpartum weight retention (PWR) (adjusted OR (AOR) 1·02, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·04), caesarean delivery (AOR 1·03, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·04) and having low birth weight (AOR 1·04, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·05) compared with group 3. Group 2 was at higher risk of PWR (AOR 1·18, 95 % CI 1·16, 1·21), preterm delivery (AOR 1·03, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·05) and caesarean delivery (AOR 1·02, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·03), but at lower risk of having small-for-gestational-age infants (AOR 0·97, 95 % CI 0·96, 0·99) compared with group 3. The significant associations between group 1 and PWR were observed among non-overweight/obese women; between group 1 and caesarean delivery among overweight/obese women; group 2 with preterm delivery and caesarean delivery were only found among overweight/obese women. Higher GWG as well as increasing GWG trajectories was associated with higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Promoting GWG within the recommended range should be emphasised in antenatal care to prevent the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.