COVID-19-Related Long-Term Taste Impairment: Symptom Length, Related Taste, Smell Disturbances, and Sample Characteristics

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2023-04, Vol.15 (4), p.e38055-e38055
• Main Authors: Cardoso Soares, Pedro, Moreira de Freitas, Patrícia, de Paula Eduardo, Carlos, Hiramatsu Azevedo, Luciane
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acids; Coronaviruses; COVID-19 vaccines; Dentistry; Immunization; Infections; Infectious Disease; Olfaction disorders; Oral Medicine; Perceptions; Questionnaires; Regression analysis; Self report; Social networks; Steroids; Taste; Taste disorders
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38055

 The COVID-19 infection triggered in some patients a prolonged reduction in the perception of both gustatory and olfactory senses (ageusia and anosmia). These symptoms could be manifested during the first days after the contagion, acting as predictors of COVID-19 infection, and additionally, they could be the only symptoms manifested at all. Clinical resolution of anosmia and ageusia was expected to occur within a few weeks, yet in some cases, patients began to demonstrate COVID-19-related long-term taste impairment (CRLTTI), a condition that can persist for longer than two months, contradicting initial evidence.  Objectives: The authors' aimed to describe the characteristics of the sample of 31 participants with COVID-19-related long-term taste impairment, and their capacity to quantify taste and rate their smell perception.  Material and Methods: Participants were submitted to a taste evaluation of four hyper-concentrated tastes perceived by the tongue (0-10), self-reported their smell (0-10), and answered a semi-structured questionnaire.  Results: Different tastes seemed to be affected differently by COVID-19, despite the lack of statistical relevance observed in this study. Dysgeusia was only expressed in bitter, sweet, and acidic tastes. The mean age observed was 40.2 (SD 12.06) years, with women representing 71% of the sample. Taste impairment persisted for an average period of 10.8 months (SD 5.7). Self-reported smell impairment was reported by the majority of participants with taste impairment. Non-vaccinated people represented 80.6% of the sample.  Conclusions: COVID-19 infection could trigger taste and smell disturbances that lasted as long as 24 months. CRLTTI seems not to affect the four main taste perceptions (hyper-concentrated) equally. Women represented the majority of the sample, with an average age of 40 years (SD 12.06). Previous diseases, medication use, and behavioral aspects seem not to be linked to CRLTTI development.